Dietary Polyphenols and Type 2 Diabetes: Current Insights and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Significant evidence suggests that polyphenol-rich diets have the ability to protect against diabetes. Since several previous reviews focused on the nutrition and health effects including type 2 diabetes of polyphenols in 2007-2008, a number of related original publications have been pulished in this field. This review summarizes important advances related to influence of dietary polyphenols and polyphenol-rich diets on preventing and managing type 2 diabetes, as well as diabetes-mediated changes in bioactivities of dietary polyphenols. It appears that anthocyanins or anthocyanin-rich food intake is related to the risk of type 2 diabetes, but there is no association for other polyphenol subclasses. It is discussed that procyanidins are more active when administered individually than when mixed with food. The benefits of dietary polyphenols for type 2 diabetes can be summarized as: protection of pancreatic β-cells against glucose toxicity, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, inhibition of α-amylases or α- glucosidases and thus decrease of starch digestion, and inhibition of advanced glycation end products formation. Moreover, type 2 diabetes also significantly influences the benefits of dietary polyphenols, although there are very limited studies have been conducted so far. How type 2 diabetes impacts the pharmacology of dietary polyphenols is not well understood. Comprehension of type 2 diabetes-mediated changes in pharmacokinetics and bioactivity of dietary polyphenols might lead to improve the benefits of these phytochemicals and subsequent clinical outcomes for type 2 diabetics.

Nutrition and Diet Factors in Type 2 Diabetes

“…Moreover, as previously mentioned, fat composition can substantially differ between studies, some using KD rich in unsaturated fatty acids and others rich in saturated fatty acids. Nevertheless, a recent systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that saturated fat intake was not associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke or type 2 diabetes, 141 …”

Determination of antibacterial activity, total phenolic, flavonoid and saponin contents in leaves of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill and Perr

“…They can also inhibit α-amylases or α-glucosidases thereby cause a decrease in starch digestion [23]. Polyphenolics have been shown to exhibit both biological and pharmacological activities [6].…”

Health benefits of anthocyanins and molecular mechanisms: Update from recent decade

“…25 However, the low bioavailability of anthocyanins appears to be an obvious obstacle in achieving the desired beneficial effects (Xiao and Högger, 2015). Novel approaches for enhancing the bioavailability of these beneficial molecules in human bodies are desired to be developed.…”