Dietary PBDE intake: A market-basket study in Belgium

Halogenated flame retardants in home-produced eggs from an electronic waste recycling region in South China: Levels, composition profiles, and human dietary exposure assessment

“…These levels were one to two orders of magnitude higher than those in eggs from the reference site (in average of 27.6 ng/g lipid weight). Our values were also two to three orders magnitude higher than the levels reported the market eggs from Belgium (b0.02 ng/g lipid weight) (Voorspoels et al, 2007), and in avian (chickens and ducks) eggs from Ireland (0.1-2.84 ng/g lipid weight) (Tlustos et al, 2008). Most of the electronic equipments recycled in the present e-waste region were produced in North America decades ago, when PBB was used as an important flame retardant.…”

“…These levels were also one to two orders of magnitude higher than PBDE concentrations (564 ng/g lipid weight) examined in eggs from the e-waste recycling site in Southeast China (Qin et al, 2011), two to three orders of magnitude greater than those (7.8 ng/g lipid weight) detected in the home-produced eggs from Belgian (Covaci et al, 2009), and three to four orders of magnitude greater than the reported levels (b1.5 ng/g lipid weight) in eggs from markets of Spain (Bocio et al, 2003), Sweden (Darnerud et al, 2006), Belgian (Voorspoels et al, 2007), and USA (Schecter et al, 2004(Schecter et al, , 2006. The results suggested that home-produced eggs from the e-waste recycling sites have been heavily polluted by PBDEs, because of the primitive recycling procedures without adequate measures of protecting environmental and human health (Wu et al, 2008).…”

“…Additionally, they are considered to be a good indicator of ambient persistent organic pollutants levels (Windal et al, 2009). However, the contribution of eggs to dietary exposure of HFRs is generally ignored and there are only a few reports on HFRs occurrence in eggs (Bocio et al, 2003;Covaci et al, 2009;Darnerud et al, 2006;Qin et al, 2011;Rawn et al, 2011;Schecter et al, 2004Schecter et al, , 2006Voorspoels et al, 2007). Nevertheless, the available data on HFRs in eggs generally concerns commercially produced eggs (based on market basket surveys), few study results are reported HFRs in home-produced eggs (Covaci et al, 2009;Fernandes et al, 2010).…”

PBDE exposure from food in Ireland: optimising data exploitation in probabilistic exposure modelling

“…To put the Irish dose estimates into perspective, they are compared with doses presented in other studies (Table 5) (Bocio et al, 2003;Harrad et al, 2004;Gomara et al, 2006;UKFSA, 2006b;Voorspoels et al, 2007;Akutsu et al, 2008a;Bakker et al, 2008;Sioen et al, 2008;Schecter et al, 2010). We also present external doses (i.e., before uptake into the body) to make our estimates better comparable with other studies (for detailed results see Supplementary Table S11 and Table S12).…”

Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in aquatic animal tissue using cleanup by freezing‐dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with GC‐MS

“…Seven PBDE congeners (BDE-28, 47, 66, 99, 100, 153, and 154) were found in all samples, which included seven species of marine fish (conger eel, flounder, gray mullet, horse macherel, red sea bream, sea bass, and yellowtail), and the most abundant PBDE congener was BDE-47 [9]. In the food marker-basket, fish had the highest average sum of PBDEs levels (BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, and 183; 460 pg/g), followed by dairy products and eggs (260 pg/g), fast food, and meat products (86 pg/g) [10]. The total concentration of PBDEs in mussels was 13.8 ng/g lipid in Qingdao coastal sea [11].…”