Dietary Patterns and Prostate Cancer Risk in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiological Follow-up Study Cohort

Tseng, Marilyn; Breslow, Rosalind A.; DeVellis, Robert F.; Ziegler, Regina G.

doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-03-0076

Cited by 83 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…21 While different patterns emerge in different study groups and therefore results are not directly comparable, our results are more robust and generally consistent with those from this prospective study. In the present study, we also conducted a comparable analysis to explore individual nutrient values and prostate cancer risk adjusted for the same confounders as the dietary patterns (Table VI).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

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Dietary patterns and risk of prostate cancer in Ontario, Canada

Walker

Aronson

King

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Dietary patterns reflect combinations of dietary exposures, and here we examine these in relation to prostate cancer risk. In a case-control study, 80 incident primary prostate cancer cases and 334 urology clinic controls were enrolled from 1997 through 1999 in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Food-frequency questionnaires were completed prior to diagnosis and assessed intake in the 1-year period 2-3 years prior to enrollment. Among controls, dietary intake was used in principal components analyses to identify patterns that were then evaluated with all subjects in relation to prostate cancer risk using unconditional logistic regression, controlling for age. Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancer types in developed countries, with an estimated 20,100 new cases in 2004 in Canada. 1 Higher incidence rates occur in North America, Great Britain, Western Europe and Australia than in Asia, Latin America and Africa. 2 While genetic susceptibility is an established risk factor for prostate cancer, 2-5 the wide international variation in incidence points primarily to an environmental etiology. 6,7 The role of diet has been investigated in several epidemiologic studies, including dietary fat intake, vitamin A, carotenoids, fruits, vegetables, dairy products and soy products. 2,3,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] The most consistent dietary component associated with prostate cancer risk is fat intake, 2 an association that is apparent despite differences in the quality of the study methods and assessment of dietary intake. [2][3][4]7,8,16 Recent attention has turned to a group of phytochemicals, particularly the isoflavones found in soybeans, 10,15 since Asians, with lower prostate cancer rates, have high consumption of soy products. Hypotheses regarding exposure to cadmium from foods such as shellfish and the risk of prostate cancer have not been substantiated by epidemiologic investigations. 2 Epidemiologic evidence supports an association between dietary factors and the risk of prostate cancer, but there are few consistent findings at a specific level. This is due in part to differences in measures of dietary intake, lack of variability in nutrient intakes among the population being studied and lack of control in the analysis for several possible confounders, including energy intake and lifestyle factors such as physical activity and smoking. 2,17,18 Further, potential associations between diet and prostate cancer risk may be concealed or lost when individual food items or nutrients are analyzed for their association with risk, as opposed to looking at groupings of habitually consumed foods. The metabolic and physiologic effects of combinations of foods on total risk are also unaccounted for when the conventional method of nutrient or individual food item analysis is used. 19 A broader consideration of patterns of food use may provide a more comprehensive assessment of the role of dietary factors on prostate cancer risk, given that foods are generally eaten in combination and together may have a greater impact on...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…20 One study to date has assessed dietary patterns in relation to prostate cancer risk, among 136 cases in a cohort of 3,779 men, where frequency of food item consumption was collected prospectively. 21 Higher intake of a ''Southern'' dietary pattern (cornbread, grits, sweet potatoes, etc.) was marginally associated with decreased prostate cancer risk.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dietary patterns and risk of prostate cancer in Ontario, Canada

Walker

Aronson

King

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…It is suggested that fat intake, residence in high solar radiation and sun exposure are associated with an increased risk of BCC (van Dam et al, 1999) while monounsaturated fat consumption is associated with a lower risk (van Dam et al, 2000). In a prospective study, high meat and fat intake increased SCC particularly in patients with a family history, (Ibiebele et al, 2007) which was in line with our findings only in men.…”

Section: 1669 Correlation Of Cancer Incidence With Probable Risk Facsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Many risk factors such as aging, race, family history, gonadal steroids and Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), processed red meat, dairy products and fat (as provoking factors) (Koo et al, 1997;Ngo et al, 2003;Tseng et al, 2004;Schottenfeld and Fraumeni, 2006;Grant, 2010) and cereals, nuts, oilseeds, fish, (Hebert et al, 1998) vitamin E (Schottenfeld and Fraumeni, 2006) soy products (Hebert et al, 1998) and cholesterol (Hu et al, 2012) (as protective factors) have been identified for prostate cancer; in our study dairy products and meat correlated positively and bread and fat negatively with prostate cancer. In a prospective study, prostate cancer was not associated with the vegetablefruit or red meat-starch pattern, but higher intake of the Southern pattern characterized by cornbread, grits, sweet potatoes, okra, beans, and rice showed a significant reduced risk (Tseng et al, 2004). On the other hand, in districts with low education level, prostate cancer was less common, which is in line with other studies (Steenland et al, 2004;Spadea et al, 2009) and might be due to more PSA tests, early detection or more access to healthcare services.…”

Section: 1669 Correlation Of Cancer Incidence With Probable Risk Facmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Cancer Incidence with Diet, Smoking and Socio-Economic Position Across 22 Districts of Tehran in 2008

Rohani-Rasaf

Abdollahi²,

Jazayeri³

et al. 2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Variation in cancer incidence in geographical locations is due to different lifestyles and risk factors. Diet and socio-economic position (SEP) have been identified as important for the etiology of cancer but patterns are changing and inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate correlations of the incidence of common cancers with food groups, total energy, smoking, and SEP. Materials and Methods: In an ecological study, disaggregated cancer data through the National Cancer Registry in Iran (2008) and dietary intake, smoking habits and SEP obtained through a population based survey within the Urban Health Equity Assessment (Urban-HEART) project were correlated across 22 districts of Tehran. Results: Consumption of fruit, meat and dairy products adjusted for energy were positively correlated with bladder, colorectal, prostate and breast and total cancers in men and women, while these cancers were adversely correlated with bread and fat intake. Also prostate, breast, colorectal, bladder and ovarian cancers had a positive correlation with SEP; there was no correlation between SEP and skin cancer in both genders and stomach cancer in men. Conclusions: The incidence of cancer was higher in some regions of Tehran which appeared to be mainly determined by SEP rather than dietary intake. Further individual data are required to investigate reasons of cancer clustering.

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“…9 In our study, the identified dietary patterns were not associated with prostate cancer. Three previous studies [37][38][39] reported rather conflicting results. Therefore, previous studies on prostate cancer did not appear to be related with dietary patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Dietary patterns and risk of cancer: A factor analysis in Uruguay

Stéfani

Deneo‐Pellegrini

Boffetta

et al. 2008

Intl Journal of Cancer

107

137

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A multisite case-control study on factor analysis and several cancer sites (mouth and pharynx, esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, larynx, lung, breast, prostate, bladder, kidney) was conducted in Uruguay. The study included 3,528 cases and 2,532 controls. Factor analysis (principal components) was modeled among controls. This patterning method retained 4 factors per sex, labeled as prudent, drinker, traditional and Western. Odds ratios for these cancer sites, stratified by sex, were estimated using polytomous regression. Whereas the prudent pattern was mainly negatively associated with cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, the Western pattern showed a strong increase in breast, lung and colon cancers. The study allowed for the reproducibility of the prudent, drinker and Western patterns, whereas the traditional pattern appears to be country specific. ' 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: dietary patterns; factor analysis; principal components; polytomous regression Uruguay is a developing country with high rates of cancer, showing age-adjusted incidence rates of 386.0 per 100,000 men and 303.2 per 100,000 women for all sites. 1 The most frequent sites are female breast (age standardized rate 114.9 per 100,000 women) and lung (Age standardized rate 76.5 per 100,000 men). Smoking and alcohol drinking are the major risk factors for frequent cancers like lung cancer and cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract in the Uruguayan population. Also, a diet low in vegetables and fruits and high in beef consumption are risk factors for digestive tract cancers. 2 Since foods are consumed together it could be suggested that the true effect of the diet may only be observed when all components are analyzed simultaneously. In fact, foods could act in synergism or be metabolized jointly. [3][4][5] Patterning methodologies, including factor analysis, may turn the analytical difficulties into an advantage. Factor analysis is used to reduce a large number of foods or nutrients to smaller number of factors for modeling purposes. 6 This analytic method was originated in the pioneer paper of Spearman in 1904. 7 Since then it has grown explosively mainly in psychology and social sciences. In 1992, Randall et al. 8 firstly applied this method in the study of food patterns and colon cancer. Since then, numerous studies on dietary patterns and diverse cancers have been published all over the World.On the basis of a large dataset of cases and controls, we decided to conduct a multisite study using factor analysis in a high-risk country such as Uruguay. The main objective was to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of several cancer sites by means of the application of the principal components method and multinomial regression. Material and methodsA large scale study was designed jointly by the

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Dietary Patterns and Prostate Cancer Risk in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiological Follow-up Study Cohort

Cited by 83 publications

References 35 publications

Dietary patterns and risk of prostate cancer in Ontario, Canada

Dietary patterns and risk of prostate cancer in Ontario, Canada

Correlation of Cancer Incidence with Diet, Smoking and Socio-Economic Position Across 22 Districts of Tehran in 2008

Dietary patterns and risk of cancer: A factor analysis in Uruguay

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