Dietary palmitate and oleate differently modulate insulin sensitivity in human skeletal muscle

Sarabhai, Theresia; Koliaki, Chrysi; Mastrototaro, Lucia; Kahl, S.; Pesta, Dominik; Apostolopoulou, Maria; Wolkersdorfer, Martin; Bönner, Anna C; Bobrov, Pavel; Markgraf, Daniel F.; Herder, Christian; Roden, Michael

doi:10.1007/s00125-021-05596-z

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Human studies have revealed that the acute consumption of saturated fatty acid [ 135 ] and monounsaturated fatty acid [ 136 ] results in systemic, hepatic, and adipose tissue insulin resistance during the postprandial phase in healthy volunteers. A similar rapid induction of insulin resistance has been observed in skeletal muscle, although saturated fatty acids induced higher levels of ceramides and activated different protein kinase C isoforms compared to monounsaturated fatty acids, a possible explanation for discrepancies in long-term outcomes [ 137 ]. It is hypothesized that repetitive nutrient overload is the impetus for cardiometabolic pathogenesis.…”

Section: How Phenotype Flexibility Is Lostmentioning

confidence: 84%

Adipocyte Phenotype Flexibility and Lipid Dysregulation

Preston

Scalia

Autieri

2022

Cells

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The prevalence of obesity and associated cardiometabolic diseases continues to rise, despite efforts to improve global health. The adipose tissue is now regarded as an endocrine organ since its multitude of secretions, lipids chief among them, regulate systemic functions. The loss of normal adipose tissue phenotypic flexibility, especially related to lipid homeostasis, appears to trigger cardiometabolic pathogenesis. The goal of this manuscript is to review lipid balance maintenance by the lean adipose tissue’s propensity for phenotype switching, obese adipose tissue’s narrower range of phenotype flexibility, and what initial factors account for the waning lipid regulatory capacity. Metabolic, hypoxic, and inflammatory factors contribute to the adipose tissue phenotype being made rigid. A better grasp of normal adipose tissue function provides the necessary context for recognizing the extent of obese adipose tissue dysfunction and gaining insight into how pathogenesis evolves.

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Section: How Phenotype Flexibility Is Lostmentioning

confidence: 84%

Adipocyte Phenotype Flexibility and Lipid Dysregulation

Preston

Scalia

Autieri

2022

Cells

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“…e disruption of carbohydrate metabolism, highlighted by many authors [28][29][30][31][32][33], was marked by muscle insulin resistance induced by significant decrease in Akt activation [34,35], which promoted the increase in insulin levels [36] and HOMA-IR with all HFD. Otherwise, it has been observed that high OO diet over a long period of time induces obesity and insulin resistance similar to what is observed with lard-based diet [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Highly Saturated versus Unsaturated Fat Intake on Carbohydrate Metabolism and Vascular Reactivity in Rat

Djohan

Raynaud

Lambert

et al. 2022

Biochemistry Research International

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Palm olein (PO) and lard are considered harmful to health because of their highly saturated fatty acid content. On the contrary, olive oil (OO) with its high level of polyunsaturated fatty acids is considered healthier. This study aims to evaluate the effects of high consumption of these oils on carbohydrate metabolism and vascular function. Male Wistar rats were fed ad libitum for 12 weeks with different high fat diets (HFD) containing 30% of each oil. Systemic glycemia, insulinemia, and lipidemia were assessed by routine methods or by ELISA. GLUT4 muscular expression and hepatic and muscular Akt phosphorylation were analyzed by western blot. Vascular function was evaluated, ex vivo, on aortic rings and on the variations of isometric tensions. The results show that fasting blood glucose was increased with PO and OO diets and decreased with lard. Compared to control diet, this increase was significant only with PO diet. The area under the curve of IPGTT was increased in all HFD groups. Compared to control diet, this increase was significant only with PO. In contrast, stimulation of the pathway with insulin showed a significant decrease in Akt phosphorylation in all HFD compared to control diet. KCl and phenylephrine induced strong, dose-dependent vasoconstriction of rat aortas in all groups, but KCl EC50 values were increased with lard and OO diets. The inhibitory effect of tempol was absent in PO and lard and attenuated in OO. Vascular insulin sensitivity was decreased in all HFD groups. This decreased sensitivity of insulin was more important with PO and lard when compared to OO diet. In conclusion, the results of this study clearly show that high consumption of palm olein, olive oil, and lard can compromise glucose tolerance and thus insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, palm olein and lard have a more deleterious effect than olive oil on the contractile function of the aorta. Excessive consumption of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids is harmful to health, regardless of their vegetable or animal origin.

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“…Recent data suggest that not only total SkM fat content but also lipid composition [ 63 ] is important for IR. A recent study showed that oleate may activate the SkM sn1,2-DAG–PKC theta pathway to induce IR and that palmitate favors ceramide accumulation and PKC zeta–PP2A activation, which may aggravate SkM IR [ 64 ]. The effects of PA on these conditions remain unknown.…”

Section: Effects Of Long-term Pa On Irmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Mechanisms for How Long-Term Physical Activity May Reduce Insulin Resistance

et al. 2022

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Insulin became available for the treatment of patients with diabetes 100 years ago, and soon thereafter it became evident that the biological response to its actions differed markedly between individuals. This prompted extensive research into insulin action and resistance (IR), resulting in the universally agreed fact that IR is a core finding in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM is the most prevalent form of diabetes, reaching epidemic proportions worldwide. Physical activity (PA) has the potential of improving IR and is, therefore, a cornerstone in the prevention and treatment of T2DM. Whereas most research has focused on the acute effects of PA, less is known about the effects of long-term PA on IR. Here, we describe a model of potential mechanisms behind reduced IR after long-term PA to guide further mechanistic investigations and to tailor PA interventions in the therapy of T2DM. The development of such interventions requires knowledge of normal glucose metabolism, and we briefly summarize an integrated physiological perspective on IR. We then describe the effects of long-term PA on signaling molecules involved in cellular responses to insulin, tissue-specific functions, and whole-body IR.

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Dietary palmitate and oleate differently modulate insulin sensitivity in human skeletal muscle

Cited by 22 publications

References 50 publications

Adipocyte Phenotype Flexibility and Lipid Dysregulation

Adipocyte Phenotype Flexibility and Lipid Dysregulation

Impact of Highly Saturated versus Unsaturated Fat Intake on Carbohydrate Metabolism and Vascular Reactivity in Rat

Potential Mechanisms for How Long-Term Physical Activity May Reduce Insulin Resistance

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