Dietary Oat β-Glucan Reduces Peak Net Glucose Flux and Insulin Production and Modulates Plasma Incretin in Portal-Vein Catheterized Grower Pigs

Hooda, Seema; Matte, J. J.; Vasanthan, Thava; Zijlstra, R. T.

doi:10.3945/jn.110.122721

Cited by 66 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Positive transgressive segregant individuals are desired by breeders aiming to obtain higher β-glucan contents, given their health benefits (Daou and Zhang, 2012;Hooda et al, 2010;Whitehead et al, 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, for human consumption, grains with low lipid contents, rich in protein and fiber are preferred, especially β-glucans, which are related to reduced levels of cholesterol and sugar in the blood, weight loss as well as cancer prevention (Bae et al, 2009;Daou and Zhang, 2012;Hooda et al, 2010;Lazaridou and Biliaderis, 2007;Peterson et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heterosis and genetic parameters for grain quality in oat segregating populations

Silveira

Hawerroth

Oliveira

et al. 2016

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Improvement of quality-related traits of grains is a constant concern in white oat breeding programs, which challenges breeders to understand their dynamics. The performance of different genetic combinations must be thoroughly evaluated to make high nutritional quality cultivars available. This study aimed to estimate the heterosis on F 1 and F 2 generations, vigor loss, due to inbreeding, and correlation between the grain chemical components to understand the dynamics of these traits, considering two segregating oat progenies. The populations Albasul × UPF 15 (population 1) and IAC 7 × UFRGS 19 (population 2) were developed. Both populations showed transgressive segregant individuals. The combination Albasul × UPF 15 provided significant heterosis for traits β-glucan total and soluble fiber contents, while the population obtained by crossing IAC 7 × UFRGS 19 generated significant gain by heterosis for total fiber, insoluble fibers and non-structural carbohydrate contents. Considering the F 2 average for each population, one can observe that population 1 presents higher β-glucan and lipid contents than population 2. On the other hand, population 2 has higher protein content than population 1. In both populations, the non-structural carbohydrate content is strongly and negatively correlated whith protein, total and insoluble fibers. Correlations between total fibers and lipids and between total fibers and insoluble fibers were both positive and high in both populations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterosis and genetic parameters for grain quality in oat segregating populations

Silveira

Hawerroth

Oliveira

et al. 2016

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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“…GLP-1 indirectly regulates blood glucose levels by increasing the secretion of insulin and decreasing the secretion of glucagon by the pancreas ( 148 ). Intracolonic infusions of SCFAs and intake of fi bers both increased plasma GLP-1 concentrations and glucose uptake by adipose tissue ( 147,(149)(150)(151). In addition, mice lacking Ffar2 or Ffar3 exhibited reduced SCFA-triggered GLP-1 secretion in vitro and in vivo, and a parallel impairment of glucose tolerance ( 145 ).…”

Section: Downloaded Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism

Besten

Eunen

Groen

et al. 2013

Journal of Lipid Research

3,625

2,665

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of the metabolic syndrome, the exact mechanisms underlying the different comorbidities are not yet completely known. Recently, dietary fi bers have raised much interest, as they exert benefi cial effects on body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis, and insulin sensitivity ( 2-4 ). Epidemiological studies show an association between a higher fi ber intake and a reduced risk of irritable bowel syndrome, infl ammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and colon cancer ( 1 ).Humans lack the enzymes to degrade the bulk of dietary fi bers. Therefore these nondigestible carbohydrates pass the upper gastrointestinal tract unaffected and are fermented in the cecum and the large intestine by the anaerobic cecal and colonic microbiota. Fermentation results in multiple groups of metabolites [elegantly reviewed by Nicholson et al. ( 5 )] of which short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the major group ( 6 ). To the microbial community SCFAs are a necessary waste product, required to balance redox equivalent production in the anaerobic environment of the gut ( 7 ). SCFAs are saturated aliphatic organic acids that consist of one to six carbons of which acetate (C2), propionate (C3), and butyrate (C4) are the most abundant ( у 95%) ( 8 ). Acetate, propionate, and butyrate are present in an approximate molar ratio of 60:20:20 in the colon and stool ( 9-11 ). Depending on the diet, the total concentration of SCFAs decreases from 70 to 140 mM in the proximal colon to 20 to 70 mM in the distal colon ( 12 ). A unique series of measurements in Abstract Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the end products of fermentation of dietary fi bers by the anaerobic intestinal microbiota, have been shown to exert multiple benefi cial effects on mammalian energy metabolism. The mechanisms underlying these effects are the subject of intensive research and encompass the complex interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism. This review summarizes the role of SCFAs in host energy metabolism, starting from the production by the gut microbiota to the uptake by the host and ending with the effects on host metabolism. There are interesting leads on the underlying molecular mechanisms, but there are also many apparently contradictory results . A coherent understanding of the multilevel network in which SCFAs exert their effects is hampered by the lack of quantitative data on actual fl uxes of SCFAs and metabolic processes regulated by SCFAs. In this review we address questions that, when answered, will bring us a great step forward in elucidating the role of SCFAs in mammalian energy metabolism. -den Besten, G., K. van Eunen, A. K. The decrease in physical exercise and increase in energy intake, especially seen in the Western world, disrupts the energy balance in humans and can lead to a complex of symptoms collectively denoted as the metabolic syndrome. The key characteristics of the metabolic syndrome are obesity, loss of glycemic control, dyslipidemia, and hypertension ( 1 ). Due to the complex multifactorial etiolog...

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“…Incremental plasma glucose appearance and GI characterization Glucose is considered to be the primary trigger for postprandial changes in metabolic and endocrine functioning (Buyse et al, 2002;Hooda et al, 2010). As a consequence, defining the postprandial potential glucose response after a meal is of great interest .…”

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confidence: 99%

Plasma glucose response and glycemic indices in pigs fed diets differing in in vitro hydrolysis indices

Giuberti

Gallo

Masoero

2012

Animal

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Different dietary starch sources can have a great impact in determining starch digestion potential, thus influencing the postprandial blood glucose response. Our objectives were to define: (i) the incremental plasma glucose response in pigs fed diets containing various sources of starch differing in in vitro digestion patterns, (ii) the in vivo glycemic index (GI) values for the same diets, (iii) the possible relationship between in vitro and in vivo data. Diets, formulated with 70% of starch from five heterogeneous sources, were characterized in depth by using two distinct in vitro evaluations. The first one was based on the Englyst-assay for nutritional classification of starch fractions, whereas the second one was based on a time-course multi-enzymatic assay up to 180 min from which the hydrolysis indices (HIs) were calculated and used as a link between the physicochemical properties of starch from diets and the in vivo responses. For the in vivo study, five jugular-catheterized pigs (35.3 6 1.1 kg body weight) were fed one of the five diets for 6-day periods in a 5 3 5 Latin square design. On day 5, blood was collected for 8 h postprandially for evaluating glucose appearance. On day 6, blood was collected for 3 h postprandially for the estimation of the GI. Starchy diets differed for rapidly digestible starch (from 8.6% to 79.8% of total starch (TS)) and resistant starch contents (from 72.5% to 4.5% of TS). Wide between-diets variations were recorded for all the kinetic parameters and for the HI calculated from the in vitro digestion curves (P , 0.05). On the basis of the obtained HI, diets contained starch with a very low to a very high in vitro digestion potential (ranging from 26.7% to 100.0%; P , 0.05). The glucose response differed among diets (P , 0.05), with marked differences between 15 and 120 min postprandial. Overall, the ranking of incremental glucose appearance among diets agreed with their in vitro HI classification: high HI diets increased plasma glucose response more (P , 0.05) than low HI diets. Lastly, different in vivo GIs were measured (ranging from 30.9% to 100.0%; P , 0.05). The relationship between HI and GI showed a high coefficient of determination (R 2 5 0.95; root mean square error (RMSE) 5 15.8; P , 0.05). In conclusion, diets formulated with starches with a wide range in HI potential can strongly affect the postprandial glucose response in pigs.Keywords: glucose, in vitro method, glycemic index, starch, pig ImplicationsStarch is the main energy source for monogastric species and knowledge about its digestive behaviour can be important in order to understand the consequently metabolic and endocrine functioning in monogastrics. This study showed that diets formulated with heterogeneous sources of starch and characterized by a wide range in enzymatic starch digestion potential modulated the postprandial glucose response in pigs. A better understanding of the nutritive role of starch and its effect on metabolism is an important nutritional topic for monogastric animals.

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Dietary Oat β-Glucan Reduces Peak Net Glucose Flux and Insulin Production and Modulates Plasma Incretin in Portal-Vein Catheterized Grower Pigs

Cited by 66 publications

References 39 publications

Heterosis and genetic parameters for grain quality in oat segregating populations

Heterosis and genetic parameters for grain quality in oat segregating populations

The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism

Plasma glucose response and glycemic indices in pigs fed diets differing in in vitro hydrolysis indices

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