Dietary Nitrate Does Not Enhance Running Performance in Elite Cross-Country Skiers

Peacock, Oliver; Tjønna, Arnt Erik; James, Philip E.; Wisløff, Ulrik; Welde, Boye; Böhlke, Nikolai; Smith, Alan A.; Stokes, Keith; Cook, Christian J.; Sandbakk, Øyvind

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3182640f48

Cited by 111 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In this study 8.4 mmol of BR increased plasma nitrite to a greater extent than 4.2 mmol which also coincided with a greater reduction in the oxygen cost of steady-state exercise and improvement in performance. The smaller increase in plasma nitrite following a smaller dose of dietary nitrate or the apparent blunted response in trained athletes compared to recreationally active individuals has been suggested by some authors to be the reason why dietary nitrate supplementation does not improve performance on all occasions (Peacock et al, 2012, Wilkerson et al, 2012, Muggeridge et al, 2013. Nevertheless, we did not observe a correlation between the changes in plasma nitrite and improvement in TT performance in the present study (data not presented).…”

Section: Effects Of Nit and Uv-a On Steady-state Exercise And Time Trcontrasting

confidence: 72%

“…Conversely, several other studies report exercise performance of varying modalities to be unaltered by dietary nitrate supplementation (Peacock et al, 2012, Wilkerson et al, 2012, Muggeridge et al, 2013. While there are various methodological differences between studies that may account for this disparity, it has become apparent that ergogenic effects appear minimal in highly-trained endurance cohorts (Peacock et al, 2012, Christensen et al, 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute whole body UVA irradiation combined with nitrate ingestion enhances time trial performance in trained cyclists

et al. 2015

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Dietary nitrate supplementation has been shown to increase nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, reduce blood pressure (BP) and enhance exercise performance. Acute exposure to ultraviolet (UV)-A light also increases NO bioavailability and reduces BP. We conducted a randomized, counterbalanced placebo-controlled trial to determine the effects of UV-A light alone and in combination with nitrate on the responses to sub-maximal steady-state exercise and time trial (TT) performance. Nine cyclists (VO2max 53.1 ± 4.4 ml/kg/min) completed five performance trials comprising 10 min submaximal steady-state cycling followed by a 16.1 km TT. s; d=0.28) compared to PLA + SHAM. These findings demonstrate that exposure to UV-A light alone does not alter the physiological responses to exercise or improve performance a laboratory setting. A combination of UV-A and NIT, however, does improve cycling TT performance in this environment which may be due to a larger increase in NO availability.

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Section: Effects Of Nit and Uv-a On Steady-state Exercise And Time Trcontrasting

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute whole body UVA irradiation combined with nitrate ingestion enhances time trial performance in trained cyclists

et al. 2015

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“…A further strength of this investigation was that the consumption of nitrate-rich foods was not restricted during the study period. This approach, first employed by Vanhatalo and colleagues [51] and later adopted in several subsequent investigations [25,68], preserves ecological validity and demonstrates that nitrate supplementation can alter physiological functioning and exercise performance when participants are consuming their normal diet.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, well-trained participants (V O2max > 60 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 ) are typically less responsive to dietary nitrate supplementation [17,[19][20][21][25][26][27], even when very high nitrate doses (~ 19.5 mmol) are administered [28]. Highly-trained individuals are known to possess elevated baseline nitrate/ nitrite reserves [29], may habitually consume large amounts of nitrate, subsequent to their increased calorie consumption [30], and exhibit greater presence and activity of the NOS enzymes, relative to the untrained [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances high-intensity running performance in moderate normobaric hypoxia, independent of aerobic fitness

et al. 2016

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Nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BRJ) increases plasma nitrite concentration, lowers the oxygen cost (V O2) of steady-state exercise and improves exercise performance in sedentary and moderately-trained, but rarely in well-trained individuals exercising at sea-level. BRJ supplementation may be more effective in a hypoxic environment, where the reduction of nitrite into nitric oxide (NO) is potentiated, such that well-trained and less well-trained individuals may derive a similar ergogenic effect.We conducted a randomised, counterbalanced, double-blind placebo controlled trial to determine the effects of BRJ on treadmill running performance in moderate normobaric hypoxia (equivalent to 2500 m altitude) in participants with a range of aerobic fitness levels. Twelve healthy males (V O2max ranging from 47.1 -76.8 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 ) ingested 138 ml concentrated BRJ (~ 15.2 mmol nitrate) or a nitrate-deplete placebo (PLA) (~ 0.2 mmol nitrate). Three hours later, participants completed steady-state moderate intensity running, and a 1500 m time-trial (TT) in a normobaric hypoxic chamber (FIO2 ~15 %). Plasma nitrite concentration was significantly greater following BRJ versus PLA 1 hour post supplementation, and remained higher in BRJ throughout the testing session (p < 0.01). Average V O2 was significantly lower (BRJ: 18.4 ± 2.0, PLA: 20.4 ± 12.6 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 ; p = 0.002), whilst arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was significantly greater (BRJ: 88.4 ± 2.7, PLA: 86.5 ± 3.3 %; p < 0.001) following BRJ. BRJ improved TT performance in all 12 participants by an average of 3.2 % (BRJ: 331.1 ± 45.3 vs. PL: 341.9 ± 46.1 s; p < 0.001). There was no apparent relationship between aerobic fitness and the improvement in performance following BRJ (r 2 = 0.05, p > 0.05). These findings suggests that a high nitrate dose in the form of a BRJ supplement may improve running performance in individuals with a range of aerobic fitness levels conducting moderate and high-intensity exercise in a normobaric hypoxic environment.

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“…Its application to modulate physiology and alleviate cardiovascular dysfunction shows particular promise in certain clinical conditions and patient cohorts, including reduction of mean arterial pressure in hypertension [1,2], effective quiescencing of platelet activation/aggregation [3], and reduce risk in conditions where tissue ischemia prevails [4]. However, it is the potential of oral NO 3 -to modify exercise/performance via elevation of plasma nitrite concentration ([NO 2 -]) that has been applied across a range of human test systems, from the effects of walking distance in a sedentary population [5] to enhancing performance in elite athletes [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate pharmacokinetics: Taking note of the difference

et al. 2015

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Dietary Nitrate Does Not Enhance Running Performance in Elite Cross-Country Skiers

Abstract: Acute ingestion of dietary nitrate may not represent an effective strategy for reducing the oxygen cost of submaximal exercise or for enhancing endurance exercise performance in highly trained cross-country skiers.

Cited by 111 publications

References 37 publications

Acute whole body UVA irradiation combined with nitrate ingestion enhances time trial performance in trained cyclists

Acute whole body UVA irradiation combined with nitrate ingestion enhances time trial performance in trained cyclists

Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances high-intensity running performance in moderate normobaric hypoxia, independent of aerobic fitness

Nitrate pharmacokinetics: Taking note of the difference

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