Dietary Micronutrients from Zygote to Senility: Updated Review of Minerals’ Role and Orchestration in Human Nutrition throughout Life Cycle with Sex Differences

Abstract

Micronutrients such as selenium, fluoride, zinc, iron, and manganese are minerals that are crucial for many body homeostatic processes supplied at low levels. The importance of these micronutrients starts early in the human life cycle and continues across its different stages. Several studies have emphasized the critical role of a well-balanced micronutrient intake. However, the majority of studies looked into or examined such issues in relation to a specific element or life stage, with the majority merely reporting the effect of either excess or deficiency. Herein, in this review, we will look in depth at the orchestration of the main element requirements across the human life cycle beginning from fertility and pregnancy, passing through infancy, childhood, adolescence, and reaching adulthood and senility, with insight on the interactions among them and underlying action mechanisms. Emphasis is given towards approaches to the role of the different minerals in the life cycle, associated symptoms for under- or overdoses, and typical management for each element, with future perspectives. The effect of sex is also discussed for each micronutrient for each life stage as literature suffice to highlight the different daily requirements and or effects.

Aqueous Batteries for Human Body Electronic Devices

“…For the principle of electrode selection, the primary consideration is biocompatibility. The human body has upper daily intake limits for metal trace elements, such as Mg (300 mg day –1 ), Zn (15 mg day –1 ), Mn (5 mg day –1 ), Fe (12 mg day –1 ), Cu (2 mg day –1 ), and Mo (0.3 mg day –1 ) (Figure a). − At the same time, all the above metal materials have a certain degradation rate, so that these metals and their oxides (MoO 3 and MnO 2 ) can be implanted as electrodes into the human body under the control of the total amount . In addition, some conductive carbon-based materials, such as polypyrrole (PPy), graphene, etc., have excellent biocompatibility and can be used as electrodes for degradable batteries.…”

Quality Control, Anti-Hyperglycemic, and Anti-Inflammatory Assessment of Colvillea racemosa Leaves Using In Vitro, In Vivo Investigations and Its Correlation with the Phytoconstituents Identified via LC-QTOF-MS and MS/MS

“… * RDI: recommended daily intake for adults [ 17 , 18 ]. * MDI: maximum daily intake for adult [ 17 , 18 ]. N.D: not detected.…”

Association between Serum Copper, Selenium, Zinc, and Serum Estradiol in Women

“…e most abundant elements are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Although they are not classi ed as nutritional minerals, they make up approximately 96% of the body weight, while macrominerals (i.e., magnesium, sodium, calcium, sulfur, chlorine, phosphorus, and potassium) and trace minerals (i.e., manganese, zinc, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, uoride, iron, iodine, and selenium) constitute the remaining 4% [5]. Many scholars have studied the role of micronutrients (minerals and vitamins) in the life cycle from the fertilized egg to aging, including dietary micronutrient supplementation, and have demonstrated the importance of a balanced intake of these micronutrients [6][7][8].…”