Dietary metyrapone blocks cortisol synthesis in pacu,<i>Piaractus mesopotamicus</i>(Holmberg, 1887), stressed by air exposure

Zanuzzo, Fábio S.; Urbinati, E. C.

doi:10.1111/jai.12916

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Dietary MTP reduced the cortisol levels prior to stressor exposure, a condition that was determinant to the understanding of the relation between cortisol and innate immune response, in both humoral and cellular baseline parameters. Cortisol reduction by MTP was previously observed in fish under stress conditions [15,16]. However, dietary MTP did not prevent cortisol increase in matrinxã under stress as previously observed in pacu pre-treated with MTP [16].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Cortisol reduction by MTP was previously observed in fish under stress conditions [15,16]. However, dietary MTP did not prevent cortisol increase in matrinxã under stress as previously observed in pacu pre-treated with MTP [16]. Contrarily, the increase of cortisol was more accentuated in fish in control groups and those fed with b-glucan.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…Metyrapone (2methyl-1, 2-di-3-pyridyl-1-propanon) (MTP) is a competitive inhibitor of the conversion of 11-deoxycortisol to cortisol by 11-betahydroxylase during cortisol biosynthesis [14]. Dietary MTP in fish can also result in reduction of cortisol production under stress conditions [15,16]. MTP has been used in different experimental designs in fish to evaluate the role of cortisol in metabolism, as a regulator of the muscle glycogen production after exercise in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss [17], and also to assess the effect of cortisol on the metabolism of catfish, Clarias batrachus [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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β-Glucan-induced cortisol levels improve the early immune response in matrinxã ( Brycon amazonicus )

Montoya

Martins

Gimbo

et al. 2017

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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This study investigated the role of endogenous cortisol on the innate immune response in matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) fed with β-glucan, prior to and after stressor exposure and bacterial challenge. For this, we evaluated the serum cortisol and plasma glucose levels, the serum lysozyme levels, the hemolytic activity of the complement system, and the respiratory activity of leukocytes, as well as the number of circulating erythrocytes and leukocytes of fish fed during 15 days with diets containing β-glucan 0.1% (β-G) or β-glucan 0.1% + metyrapone 30 mg kg fish (β-G + MTP). Dietary MTP was used to block cortisol production. After feeding, fish were air-exposed during 3 min, to endogenously increase the cortisol levels. Following that, they were challenged with intraperitoneal injection of Aeromonas hydrophila. Results were compared with a positive control group fed with a β-glucan-free diet. A negative control group, also fed with β-glucan-free diet but inoculated with PBS, was established to evaluate the effect of the handling during injection. Fish were sampled prior to the stressor exposure, 30 min after exposure, and 24 h post infection (hpi). Herein we observed that dietary β-G modulated the cortisol profile prior to and after the stressor, increasing the number and activity of leukocytes. Moreover, cortisol showed to be an efficient modulator of both humoral and cellular innate immune system by increasing lysozyme and complement activity, as well as neutrophil and monocyte populations. Our results suggest that β-glucan-induced cortisol increase is one important mechanism to improve the innate immune response in matrinxã.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

β-Glucan-induced cortisol levels improve the early immune response in matrinxã ( Brycon amazonicus )

Montoya

Martins

Gimbo

et al. 2017

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…Metyrapone has been used in some fish species (e.g. zebrafish or rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss), as a strategy to elucidate cortisol effects (Leach and Taylor, 1980;Miranda et al, 1998;Zanuzzo and Urbinati, 2015). For example, metyrapone treatment through the diet was able to inhibit masculinization induced by high temperature in Japanese flounder .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the proper rearing density in domesticated zebrafish to avoid unwanted masculinization. Links with the stress response

Ribas

Valdivieso

Díaz

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a well-established experimental model in many research fields but the loss of the primary sex-determining region during the process of domestication renders laboratory strains of zebrafish susceptible to the effects of environmental factors on sex ratios. Further, an essential husbandry aspect -the optimal rearing density to avoid stress-induced masculinization -is not known. We carried out two experiments: the first focusing on the effects of density on survival, growth and sex ratio by rearing zebrafish at different initial densities (9, 19, 37 and 74 fish per litre) for 3 months (6-90 days post-fertilization, dpf ), and the second focusing on the effects of cortisol during the sex differentiation period (15-45 dpf) for zebrafish reared at low density. The results showed an increase in the number of males in groups subjected to the two highest initial rearing densities; we also observed a reduction of survival and growth in a density-dependent manner. Furthermore, zebrafish treated with cortisol during the sex differentiation period showed a complete masculinization of the population; treatment with the cortisol synthesis inhibitor metyrapone negated the effects of exogenous cortisol. Our results indicate that the process of sex differentiation in domesticated zebrafish can be perturbed by elevated stocking density and that this effect is likely to be mediated by an increase in cortisol through the stress response. However, the underlying mechanism needs further study.

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“…This indicates that cortisol was synthesized de novo following ACTH administration, and not merely released. Although this is the first time that metyrapone has been used in a study examining cortisol release from scales, results from in vivo experiments in live animals [ 28 , 29 , 30 ] and in vitro experiments using head kidney tissue in fish [ 29 ] report that metyrapone is a potent inhibitor of post-stress cortisol production. However, under basal conditions, it seems that both a single administration [ 31 ] or multiple treatments of metyrapone [ 32 ] were not able to reduce basal cortisol levels, which were only reduced when fish were treated orally, via food, with multiple administrations of high dose metyrapone [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish Scales Produce Cortisol upon Stimulation with ACTH

Σαμαράς

Pavlidis

2022

Animals

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Cortisol concentration in fish scales is a novel and reliable indicator of chronic stress. However, until now cortisol in scales has been considered to be accumulated through the circulation and it has not yet been studied whether it can be de novo produced from cells found in the scales. In the current study, scales of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, were stimulated in-vitro with a range of concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to investigate if they can produce and release cortisol. Moreover, scales were exposed to a combination of ACTH and metyrapone, an inhibitor of cortisol production, to examine whether cortisol was actually produced in the scales. Results from ACTH administration showed that scales increased their cortisol release in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was reversed when scales were co-incubated with ACTH and metyrapone, indicating that cortisol was produced de novo and not released only upon stimulation with ACTH.

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Dietary metyrapone blocks cortisol synthesis in pacu,Piaractus mesopotamicus(Holmberg, 1887), stressed by air exposure

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

β-Glucan-induced cortisol levels improve the early immune response in matrinxã ( Brycon amazonicus )

β-Glucan-induced cortisol levels improve the early immune response in matrinxã ( Brycon amazonicus )

On the proper rearing density in domesticated zebrafish to avoid unwanted masculinization. Links with the stress response

Fish Scales Produce Cortisol upon Stimulation with ACTH

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