Dietary magnesium requirement for fingerlings of Rohu (Labeo rohita)

Dietary magnesium requirement on dietary minerals and physiological function of juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii♀ × Acipenser baerii♂)

“…Mg can eradicate free radicals by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities, such as those of SOD, CAT, and GPx, and this phenomenon might explain the effectiveness of Mg against peroxidation (Mohammad and Khan 2018). Wang et al (2011) documented that grass carp fed imbalanced Mg levels were susceptible to lipid peroxidation as a result of reduced serum SOD and GPx activities, suggesting reduced antioxidant capacity in response to dietary Mg deficiency (Mohammad and Khan 2018). As an essential cofactor in glutathione biosynthesis, Mg can inhibit lipid peroxidation by preventing exhaustion of glutathione, which showed similar results as the serum GPx activity in response to low-Mg diets (Zhang et al 2016).…”

“…Reigh et al (1991) reported a positive response to 30-650 mg kg −1 diet Mg supplementation of blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) fed casein-based diets in terms of their growth, feed, and protein efficiency. A lack of Mg in the feed can dull appetite, slow growth, increase mortality, and significantly decrease the production performance in aquatic animals (Ogino and Chiou 1976;Cowey 1976;Cowey et al 1976;Cowey et al 1977;Knox et al 1981;Gatlin et al 1982;Shim and Ng 1988;Shearer 1989;Reigh et al 1991;Wei et al 2017;Mohammad and Khan 2018). Not all fish respond well in terms of growth to dietary Mg, such as Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) (El-Mowafi and Maage 1998), tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters)) (Velden et al 1991), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon (Wang et al, 2011), and gibel carp (Han et al 2012).…”

“…These results indicated that appropriate Mg levels enhanced the antioxidant capacity; this observation is supported by Garcia et al (1998), who found that Mg can reduce the production of free radicals. Mg can eradicate free radicals by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities, such as those of SOD, CAT, and GPx, and this phenomenon might explain the effectiveness of Mg against peroxidation (Mohammad and Khan 2018). Wang et al (2011) documented that grass carp fed imbalanced Mg levels were susceptible to lipid peroxidation as a result of reduced serum SOD and GPx activities, suggesting reduced antioxidant capacity in response to dietary Mg deficiency (Mohammad and Khan 2018).…”

“…In the current study, the activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx were positively correlated with the concentration of Mg. MDA is the final product of lipid peroxidation and an important indicator of membrane injury caused by free radicals (Longbaf Dezfouli et al 2019). Mohammad and Khan (2018) reported that the antioxidant status of Rohu improved with the inclusion of dietary Mg levels up to 460 mg kg −1 diet and then stabilized in groups fed higher levels of Mg, whereas the reverse pattern was observed for the MDA content. In the current study, the MDA contents in the 549.6 mg kg −1 groups were significantly lower than those in the 43.2, 157.3, 326.5, 938.4, and 1118.2 mg kg −1 groups, suggesting that the antioxidative effect of Mg results from its ability to increase the activity of radical-scavenging enzymes and decrease the peroxidation of lipids.…”

“…For marine species, dietary Mg supplementation may not be necessary because Mg requirements can be met by uptake from seawater, where Mg concentrations are high (Sakamoto and Yone 1979;Ye et al 2010;Liang et al 2015). In contrast, if the concentration of Mg in freshwater is low (1-4 mg kg −1 ), its uptake from the environment is considered insufficient to satisfy metabolic requirements (Lall 2002), and dietary requirements of Mg have been reported for several species of freshwater fish (Ogino and Chiou 1976;Gatlin et al 1982;Shim and Ng 1988;Reigh et al 1991;Han et al 2012;Liang et al 2011;Mohammad and Khan 2018).…”