Dietary l-arginine supplementation ameliorates inflammatory response and alters gut microbiota composition in broiler chickens infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary arginine ( Arg ) supplementation on the inflammatory response and gut microbiota of broiler chickens subjected to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. One hundred and forty 1-day-old Arbor Acres male birds were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement including diet treatment (with or without 0.3% Arg supplementation) and immunological stress (with or without S. typhimurium challenge). Samples were obtained at 7 D after infection (day 23). Results showed that S. typhimurium challenge caused histopathological and morphological damages, but Arg addition greatly reduced these intestinal injuries. S. typhimurium challenge elevated the levels of serum inflammatory parameters, including diamine oxidase, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, IL-1β, IL-8, and lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha factor ( LITNF ) homolog. However, Arg supplementation decreased the serum procalcitonin, IL-1β, IL-8, and LITNF concentration. S. typhimurium challenge significantly increased jejunal IL-1β , IL-8 , IL-10 , and IL-17 mRNA expression and tended to upregulate IL-22 mRNA expression, but Arg supplementation remarkably reduced IL-8 mRNA expression, tended to downregulate IL-22 mRNA expression, and dramatically elevated IFN-γ and IL-10 mRNA expression. In addition, sequencing data of 16S rDNA indicated that the population of Proteobacteria phylum; Enterobacteriaceae family; Escherichia–Shigella, and Nitrosomonas genera; and Escherichia coli and Ochrobactrum intermedium species were more abundant, but the population of Rhodocyclaceae and Clostridiaceae _ 1 families and Candidatus Arthromitus genus were less abundant in the ileal digesta of birds with only S. typhimurium infection when compared with the controls. Treatment with Arg in birds subjected to S. typhimurium challenge increased the abundances of Firmicutes phylum, Clostridiaceae _1 family, Methylobacterium and Candidatus Arthromitus genera but decreased the abundance of Nitrosomonas genus and Rhizobium cellulosilyticum and Rubrobacter xylanophilus species as compared with the only S. typhimurium –challenged birds. In conclusion, Arg supplementation can alleviate intestinal mucosal impairment by ameliorating inflammatory response and modulating gut microbiota in broiler chickens cha...

Reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium Cecal Colonisation and Improvement of Intestinal Health in Broilers Supplemented with Fermented Defatted ‘Alperujo’, an Olive Oil By-Product

“…challenge, eliciting an immune response composed mainly of mononuclear cells (T-lymphocytes) and heterophils [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Furthermore, we found that supplementation with FDA slightly reduced the severity of the lesions in the treated group, which paralleled what has been reported after supplementation with arginine in the jejunum of broilers [ 35 ].…”

“…These findings are in line with studies assessing S . Typhimurium-induced histopathology in chickens [ 29 , 34 , 35 ]. The inflammatory infiltrate observed was predominantly composed of lymphocytes and severely affected the duodenum.…”

“…Many authors have reported shortening of villi after a Salmonella spp. challenge [ 2 , 6 , 7 , 29 , 35 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ], which implies difficulty in absorption capacity and a reduction in body weight gain [ 29 , 40 , 41 , 44 ]. In our study, we were able to observe a significant increase in the duodenum villi height of the treated group in most samplings, as previously described in healthy broilers [ 15 ].…”

“…Enterobacteriaceae has been reported as the most abundant bacterial family in S . Typhimurium-challenged broilers [ 35 ]. We observed a reduction in Enterobacteriaceae in treated groups in several samplings.…”

Effects of High Carbohydrate Diet-Modulated Microbiota on Gut Health in Chinese Perch

“…Diet has a significant impact (estimated at 57%, compared with 12% for genetic factors) on gut microbial community structure ( Tomasello et al, 2014 ). Up to now, many nutritional factors have been reported to affect gut microbial community structure, including resistant starch ( Warren et al, 2018 ; Zhou et al, 2020 ), fat ( De Lartigue et al, 2011 ; Kim et al, 2019 ; Zhou et al, 2020 ), fructose ( Do et al, 2018 ), glucose ( Do et al, 2018 ), casein ( Masarwi et al, 2018 ; Pi et al, 2020 ), and arginine ( Zhang et al, 2018 , 2020 ). The novelty of the present work lies in the comprehensive characterization of gut microbial communities in Chinese perch after being fed with different contents of gelatinized starch diets and their correlation with gut health.…”