Dietary interventions for autism spectrum disorder: New perspectives from the gut-brain axis

Doenyas, Ceymi

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.07.014

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Dietary interventions in children with ASD are very popular but could be potentially harmful. Restrictive diets further limit the variety of food intake since individuals with ASD already exhibit picky eating behaviours, so restrictive diets can result in macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies [140,141]. On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that a Mediterranean diet impacts the gut microbiota and associated metabolome as well as cardiovascular diseases and neurobehavioural health outcomes [142,143,144,145].…”

Section: Dietary Interventions: What Is the Evidence?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism Spectrum Disorders and the Gut Microbiota

et al. 2019

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In recent years, there has been an emerging interest in the possible role of the gut microbiota as a co-factor in the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), as many studies have highlighted the bidirectional communication between the gut and brain (the so-called “gut-brain axis”). Accumulating evidence has shown a link between alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota and both gastrointestinal and neurobehavioural symptoms in children with ASD. The aim of this narrative review was to analyse the current knowledge about dysbiosis and gastrointestinal (GI) disorders in ASD and assess the current evidence for the role of probiotics and other non-pharmacological approaches in the treatment of children with ASD. Analysis of the literature showed that gut dysbiosis in ASD has been widely demonstrated; however, there is no single distinctive profile of the composition of the microbiota in people with ASD. Gut dysbiosis could contribute to the low-grade systemic inflammatory state reported in patients with GI comorbidities. The administration of probiotics (mostly a mixture of Bifidobacteria, Streptococci and Lactobacilli) is the most promising treatment for neurobehavioural symptoms and bowel dysfunction, but clinical trials are still limited and heterogeneous. Well-designed, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials are required to validate the effectiveness of probiotics in the treatment of ASD and to identify the appropriate strains, dose, and timing of treatment.

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Section: Dietary Interventions: What Is the Evidence?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism Spectrum Disorders and the Gut Microbiota

et al. 2019

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“…Since the role of the gut microbiota in GI diseases is increasingly recognized, interest in interventions that can modulate the microbiota and its interactions with its host have been investigated [131]. When dysbiosis occurs in disorders like IBS and ASD, the combination of diet, prebiotics, and probiotics may represent a low-risk potential therapeutic solution to sustain a healthy microbiome or to restore balance [131][132][133][134]. Although, the exact mechanisms of the effects of probiotics in the human body are not fully understood, it has been shown that probiotic supplements improve IBS and gastrointestinal disorder symptoms through manipulation of the gut microbiota.…”

Section: Potential Effect Of Probiotics To Treat Ibsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies presented in this review were focused mainly on the investigation of the effect of probiotics on GI symptoms, on behavioral symptoms, and on the gut microbiota. Firstly, it was demonstrated that probiotics interact with the gut microbiota and may downregulate GI inflammation and the intestinal barrier permeability [134]. Secondly, probiotics properties may modulate the inflammatory immune system responses in individuals with ASD, which leads to the improvement of their behavior [174,175].…”

Section: Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Promising Role of Probiotics in Managing the Altered Gut in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Abdellatif

McVeigh

Bendriss

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) have been reported repeatedly in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and studies have reported interesting correlations between severity of behavioral and gastrointestinal symptoms. Growing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota in ASD is altered with various shifts described at different taxonomic levels, pointing to the importance of considering the gut–brain axis in treatment of these disorders. Probiotics are live beneficial bacteria that are ingested as food or customized pills. These beneficial bacteria, when added in sufficient amounts, can correct the dysbiosis. Because probiotics have shown success in treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), it is plausible to investigate whether they can induce alleviation of behavioral symptoms as well. Probiotics show, in some clinical studies, their potential benefits (1) in improving gastrointestinal dysfunction, (2) in correcting dysbiosis, (3) in consequently reducing the severity of ASD symptoms. This review compiles data from selected studies that investigate these benefits and the mechanisms that mediate these effects, which include the production of metabolites, hormones, and neurotransmitters and the regulation of pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines. Future research based on more randomized, controlled studies with a larger population size and standardized use of strains, concentration of probiotics, duration of treatments, and methods of DNA extraction is still needed in this area, which may lead to more robust results.

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“…A number of nutrition intervention strategies have been explored to treat behavioral symptoms and comorbid GI distress [117], but evidence is still relatively weak and sometimes inconsistent, as in the case with gluten-free and/or casein-free (GF/CF) diet and ketogenic diet (KD).…”

Section: Dietary Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could Gut Modulation through Probiotic Supplementation Be Beneficial in Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Khatib¹,

Karam-Sarkis²,

Waligora‐Dupriet³

et al. 2020

Prebiotics and Probiotics - Potential Benefits in Nutrition and Health

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Evidence is mounting to a possible link between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and gut microbiota through the well-known gut-brain axis. Numerous mechanisms have been suggested including bacterial metabolites that could involve in chemokines, antimicrobial peptides, or neuropeptides production. Hence, numerous studies reported dysbiosis in autistic patients. Antibiotic courses are known to more or less improve neurobehavioral symptoms; however, it could lead to side effects. Modulation of the gut microbiota using pro-and/or prebiotics is therefore an appealing way of treatment. Fecal microbiota transfer is suggested to be an alternative new approach that could be promising. The aim of our chapter will be first to briefly review the current data concerning the possible role of the gut microbiota and its mechanisms in ASD and second to review the interest and limits of the pre-and probiotic supplementations in ASD treatment. Lastly, we will discuss on the potential interest of the microbiota transfer in ASD.

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Dietary interventions for autism spectrum disorder: New perspectives from the gut-brain axis

Cited by 35 publications

References 60 publications

Autism Spectrum Disorders and the Gut Microbiota

Autism Spectrum Disorders and the Gut Microbiota

The Promising Role of Probiotics in Managing the Altered Gut in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Could Gut Modulation through Probiotic Supplementation Be Beneficial in Autism Spectrum Disorder?

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