Dietary fish oil did not prevent sleep deprived rats from a reduction in adipose tissue adiponectin gene expression

Abstract

Sleep deprivation in humans has been related to weight gain and consequently, increased risk for insulin resistance. In contrast, there is a significant loss of weight in sleep deprived rats suggesting a state of insulin resistance without obesity interference. Thus, we aimed to assess the effects of a rich fish oil dietetic intervention on glucose tolerance, serum insulin and adiponectin, and adipose tissue gene expression of adiponectin and TNF-α of paradoxically sleep deprived (PSD) rats. The study was performed in thirty day-old male Wistar randomly assigned into two groups: rats fed with control diet (soybean oil as source of fat) and rats fed with a fish oil rich diet. After 45 days of treatment, the animals were submitted to PSD or maintained as home cage control group for 96 h. Body weight and food intake were carefully monitored in all groups. At the end of PSD period, a glucose tolerance test was performed and the total blood and adipose tissues were collected. Serum insulin and adiponectin were analyzed. Adipose tissues were used for RT-PCR to estimate the gene expression of adiponectin and TNF-α. Results showed that although fish oil diet did not exert any effect upon these measurements, PSD induced a reduction in adiponectin gene expression of retroperitoneal adipose tissues, with no change in serum adiponectin concentration or in adiponectin and TNF-α gene expression of epididymal adipose tissue. Thus, the stress induced by sleep deprivation lead to a desbalance of adiponectin gene expression.

Fish oil consumption prevents glucose intolerance and hypercorticosteronemy in footshock-stressed rats

“…Previously, Papakonstantinou et al [ 24 ], using a repeated restraint stress for 3 days, 3 hours per day, showed that consumption of hyperlipidic diet rich with fish oil (2 weeks before stress and 2 after) did not ameliorate stress-induced anorexia and weight loss. Similar results was observed in rats treated with normolipidic diet containing fish oil for 45 days submitted for 96 hours of sleep deprivation [ 25 ]. Taken these results all together it could be suggested that the duration of fish oil ingestion and type of stressor could influence the effect of stress in body weight.…”

ω-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent pressure overload-induced ventricular dilation and decrease in mitochondrial enzymes despite no change in adiponectin

“…In addition, there could be differences between species. Most reports with fish oil supplementation indicate an up-regulation of the expression and secretion of adiponectin in rats [ 6 - 8 ] and humans [ 27 ]; however, there are reports where adiponectin is unaffected by fish oil supplementation in rats and mice [ 28 , 29 ]. In a study in mice fed a diet substituted with various DHA analogs, serum adiponectin was either reduced or unchanged [ 29 ].…”

Sleep deprivation affects inflammatory marker expression in adipose tissue

“…This fact is highlighted by findings reported in the current literature, which identify important associations between sleep loss and alterations in nutritional aspects and metabolism [21-23]. Ninety-six hours of sleep deprivation in rats resulted in decreased plasma levels of glucose, TG and VLDL.…”

“…A general reduction in the amount of time spent sleeping, as well as a greater frequency of more acute episodes of sleep deprivation, have become endemic conditions in modern society. This fact is highlighted by findings reported in the current literature, which identify important associations between sleep loss and alterations in nutritional aspects and metabolism [ 21 - 23 ]. Ninety-six hours of sleep deprivation in rats resulted in decreased plasma levels of glucose, TG and VLDL.…”