Dietary Components, Microbial Metabolites and Human Health: Reading between the Lines

Guo, Yao; Bian, Xiaohan; Liu, Jiali; Zhu, Ming; Li, Lin; Yao, Tingyu; Tang, Congjia; Ravichandran, Vinothkannan; Liao, Peng; Papadimitriou, Konstantinos; Yin, Jia

doi:10.3390/foods9081045

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 180 publications

(209 reference statements)

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“…The gut flora plays a key role in host energy metabolism (Guarner and Malagelada, 2003;Dai et al, 2011;Pérez-Cobas et al, 2013). Indigestible carbohydrates are degraded by fermentation of colonic microflora to produce metabolic end products, such as SCFAs, these metabolites have been shown to affect host physiological activities (Topping and Clifton, 2001;Wong et al, 2006;Wang et al, 2019;Guo et al, 2020). Recent studies have confirmed that SCFAs can inhibit the production of anti-inflammatory factors and inhibit colonic inflammation (Tan et al, 2014;van der Beek et al, 2017;Kurata et al, 2019;Zeng et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Stress Alters the Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolomic Profiles in Mice

Wen

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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BackgroundHeat stress has negative effects on the intestinal health of humans and animals. However, the impact of heat stress on intestinal microbial and metabolic changes remains elusive. Here, we investigated the cecal microbial and metabolic profiles in mice in response to heat stress.MethodsThe mouse heat stress model was constructed by simulating a high-temperature environment. Twenty mice were randomly assigned to two groups, the control group (CON, 25°C) and the heat treatment group (HS, 40°C from 13:00 to 15:00 every day for 7 days). Serum and cecal contents were collected from the mice for serum biochemical analysis, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, and non-targeted metabolomics.ResultsBoth core body temperature and water intake were significantly increased in the HS group. Serum biochemical indicators were also affected, including significantly increased triglyceride and decreased low-density lipoprotein in the heat stress group. The composition and structure of intestinal microbiota were remarkably altered in the HS group. At the species level, the relative abundance of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-Japan and Lactobacillus murinus significantly reduced, while that of Lachnospiraceae bacterium 3-1 obviously increased after HS. Metabolomic analysis of the cecal contents clearly distinguished metabolite changes between the groups. The significantly different metabolites identified were mainly involved in the fatty acid synthesis, purine metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, cyanoamino acid metabolism, glyceride metabolism, and plasmalogen synthesis.ConclusionIn summary, high temperature disrupted the homeostatic balance of the intestinal microbiota in mice and also induced significant alterations in intestinal metabolites. This study provides a basis for treating intestinal disorders caused by elevated temperature in humans and animals and can further formulate nutritional countermeasures to reduce heat stress-induced damage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Stress Alters the Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolomic Profiles in Mice

Wen

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Section: The Impact Of Food Metabolites On Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The changes in metabolite levels in a person are affected by many factors, including genetics, the environment, and dietary intake [117]. The type of diet is not only directly responsible for the metabolites but also indirectly via nutritional changes inflicted upon the gut microbial and thereby their own metabolism [117,118]. In recent years, more evidence has surfaced proving that many aspects of human health are affected by the gut microbiota such as obesity-associated disorders, regulation of blood pressure, and the immunity of the host to pathogens [119][120][121].…”

Section: The Impact Of Food Metabolites On Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

You Are What You Eat: Application of Metabolomics Approaches to Advance Nutrition Research

Emwas

Al-Rifai

Szczepski

et al. 2021

Foods

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A healthy condition is defined by complex human metabolic pathways that only function properly when fully satisfied by nutritional inputs. Poor nutritional intakes are associated with a number of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and osteoporosis. In recent years, nutrition science has undergone an extraordinary transformation driven by the development of innovative software and analytical platforms. However, the complexity and variety of the chemical components present in different food types, and the diversity of interactions in the biochemical networks and biological systems, makes nutrition research a complicated field. Metabolomics science is an “-omic”, joining proteomics, transcriptomics, and genomics in affording a global understanding of biological systems. In this review, we present the main metabolomics approaches, and highlight the applications and the potential for metabolomics approaches in advancing nutritional food research.

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“…The macronutrient emphasis of microbiome research focuses on high sugar, high fat and low fiber diet effects on the microbiome [3]. Changes in levels of these macronutrients leading to changes in immune function, dysbiosis, intestinal permeability and microbial translocation are being observed [36,37]. The PHM hypothesis includes the macronutrient role, but emphasizes how macronutrients might affect the abundance of PHMs.…”

Section: Foundations Of the Phm Hypothesis And Comparison With Other mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Post-hunter-gatherer Era Microbes Hypothesis for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

Waterhouse¹

2020

Preprint

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This article proposes an extension of the hygiene hypothesis to explain chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) and their increase with westernization. Instead of emphasizing microbes that are missing/reduced due to westernization, a hypothesis is proposed that emphasizes the importance of microbes that are relatively novel. Environmental microbes encountered in association with a pre-agricultural lifestyle would presumably be the most coevolved with the human immune system and thus less likely to promote chronic disease. Post-hunter-gatherer era microbes (PHMs) are microbes that are encountered more frequently and/or at higher levels since humans ceased to live as nomadic hunter-gatherers. It is hypothesized that some PHMs, particularly those increasing with westernization, colonize human tissues and dysregulate/suppress the immune system. This hypothesized colonization of PHMs could cause allergy/hypersensitivity reactions leading to physiological stress, attacks on self-tissue, hypersensitivity reactions to similar cross-reacting environmental microbes and other allergens/antigens, greater vulnerability to diverse infections (e.g., COVID-19) and CIDs. Low-level colonization with diverse PHMs could explain high levels of comorbidities among CIDs, allergic responses to self-tissue (auto allergy), allergies to varied microbial taxa and allergen-initiated stress effects. Allergic reactions and the stress they cause might be adaptive by promoting expulsion and avoidance of potentially dangerous microbes. This is consistent with the observation that selective IgE deficiency leads to increased levels of diseases such as asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, otitis media and autoimmune disease. PHMs that could be related to CIDs include microbes in tobacco smoke, increased Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus that occurs in some situations, and increased exposure to Pseudomonas fluorescens and Yersinia spp. Additionally, fungi that tolerate multiple extreme environments have been found to be more likely to be opportunistic pathogens. This might suggest that microbes associated with human-created novel and extreme environments (e.g., antibiotics, xenobiotics) would have an increased ability to colonize and persist in humans. The PHM hypothesis could help explain contradictory findings on diet, why many chronic inflammatory diseases resemble chronic infections and why stress and xenobiotics are associated with CID incidence and exacerbations. Four foundations and 11 related hypotheses are discussed. Examples discussed include sarcoidosis, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, long-term COVID-19 and Kawasaki disease.

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Dietary Components, Microbial Metabolites and Human Health: Reading between the Lines

Cited by 9 publications

References 180 publications

Heat Stress Alters the Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolomic Profiles in Mice

Heat Stress Alters the Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolomic Profiles in Mice

You Are What You Eat: Application of Metabolomics Approaches to Advance Nutrition Research

The Post-hunter-gatherer Era Microbes Hypothesis for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

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