Diet Quality Indices for Nutrition Assessment: Types and Applications

Guerrero, Maria Luisa Poyatos; Pérez‐Rodríguez, Fernando

doi:10.5772/intechopen.69807

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Most of the indices to date are based on a combination of foods and nutrients intake recommended to promote general health. The concept of ‘diet quality’ is multidimensional and heterogeneous, and there is a great variety across the scores regarding food groups and amounts [110]. There is a possibility that a ‘diet quality’ concept and what may constitute a healthy diet to protect other outcomes, such as cardiovascular health, may not be optimal for healthy muscle ageing.…”

Section: Evidence About the Role Of Dietary Patterns In Muscle Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Patterns, Skeletal Muscle Health, and Sarcopenia in Older Adults

2019

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In recent decades, the significance of diet and dietary patterns (DPs) for skeletal muscle health has been gaining attention in ageing and nutritional research. Sarcopenia, a muscle disease characterised by low muscle strength, mass, and function is associated with an increased risk of functional decline, frailty, hospitalization, and death. The prevalence of sarcopenia increases with age and leads to high personal, social, and economic costs. Finding adequate nutritional measures to maintain muscle health, preserve function, and independence for the growing population of older adults would have important scientific and societal implications. Two main approaches have been employed to study the role of diet/DPs as a modifiable lifestyle factor in sarcopenia. An a priori or hypothesis-driven approach examines the adherence to pre-defined dietary indices such as the Mediterranean diet (MED) and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)—measures of diet quality—in relation to muscle health outcomes. A posteriori or data-driven approaches have used statistical tools—dimension reduction methods or clustering—to study DP-muscle health relationships. Both approaches recognise the importance of the whole diet and potential cumulative, synergistic, and antagonistic effects of foods and nutrients on ageing muscle. In this review, we have aimed to (i) summarise nutritional epidemiology evidence from four recent systematic reviews with updates from new primary studies about the role of DPs in muscle health, sarcopenia, and its components; (ii) hypothesise about the potential mechanisms of ‘myoprotective’ diets, with the MED as an example, and (iii) discuss the challenges facing nutritional epidemiology to produce the higher level evidence needed to understand the relationships between whole diets and healthy muscle ageing.

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Section: Evidence About the Role Of Dietary Patterns In Muscle Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Patterns, Skeletal Muscle Health, and Sarcopenia in Older Adults

2019

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“…The 2 main methods used to determine diet quality of a population are a priori and a posteriori. An a priori diet quality index score is based on predefined algorithms to quantify food and nutrient intake relative to nutritional recommendations ( 14 ). Each food or nutrient is assigned a score, and a total score is then calculated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective: The Application of A Priori Diet Quality Scores to Cardiovascular Disease Risk—A Critical Evaluation of Current Scoring Systems

Aljuraiban

Gibson

Griep

et al. 2020

Advances in Nutrition

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Healthy dietary habits are the cornerstone of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Numerous researchers have developed diet quality indices to help evaluate and compare diet quality across and within various populations. The availability of these new indices raises questions regarding the best selection relevant to a given population. In this perspective, we critically evaluate a priori–defined dietary indices commonly applied in epidemiological studies of CVD risk and mortality. A systematic literature search identified 59 observational studies that applied a priori–defined diet quality indices to CVD risk factors and/or CVD incidence and/or CVD mortality. Among 31 different indices, these scores were categorized as follows: 1) those based on country-specific dietary patterns, 2) those adapted from distinct dietary guidelines, and 3) novel scores specific to key diet-related factors associated with CVD risk. The strengths and limitations of these indices are described according to index components, calculation methods, and the application of these indices to different population groups. Also, the importance of identifying methodological challenges faced by researchers when applying an index are considered, such as selection and weighting of food groups within a score, since food groups are not necessarily equivalent in their associations with CVD. The lack of absolute cutoff values, emphasis on increasing healthy food without limiting unhealthy food intake, and absence of validation of scores with biomarkers or other objective diet assessment methods further complicate decisions regarding the best indices to use. Future research should address these limitations, consider cross-cultural and other differences between population groups, and identify translational challenges inherent in attempting to apply a relevant diet quality index for use in CVD prevention at a population level.

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“…Assessment of nutritional status in elderly could be done through dietary assessment (e.g. 24 hours recall, food frequency questionnaires or diet quality indices) [17][18][19] , clinical assessment for signs of malnutrition 20 , anthropometric measurements (e.g. Body Mass Index (BMI), mid-arm circumference, tricepital skin fold thickness and Biometric Impedance Analysis (BIA)) [21][22][23][24] and biochemical markers of malnutrition (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Status and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Elderly in Rural Area in Egypt.

Hamza

Abdul–Rahman

Nabiel

et al. 2018

The Egyptian Journal of Geriatrics and Gerontology

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Background: Malnutrition is a global health problem especially in extremes of age. Elderly people are a fast-growing group that is at greater risk of malnutrition due to high prevalence of comorbidities and limited resources available for them. Elderly are more prone to negative effects of malnutrition on quality of life and health outcomes due to their vulnerable nature and this is often preventable. Aim: To assess the effect of nutritional status on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) among community-dwelling elderly living i n a rural village in Dakahliya, Egypt. .Methods: A cross-sectional study. A random sample of 170 community-dwelling elderly living in Dakahliya. Demographic data were collected, and comprehensive geriatric assessment was done for each participant includin g history taking, clinical examination, psychological, mental and functional assessment. Assessment of nutritional status was done using the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. HRQoL was measured using the Short-Form Health Survey-36 items (SF-36) questionnaire. Results: The present study showed that among the 170 participants; 45(26.5%) of them were malnourished, 69 (40.6%) were at risk of malnutrition and 56 (32.9%) were well nourished, and showed that HRQoL wa s significantly poorer in malnourished elderly (P ˂0.001). Conclusions: The high prevalence of malnutrition highlights the importance of regular screening of elderly at community settings. As improvement in HRQoL is a growing goal for the worldwide health care and the strong effect of nutritional status on HRQoL, nutritional screening and intervention are extremely important especially for elderly.

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Diet Quality Indices for Nutrition Assessment: Types and Applications

Cited by 16 publications

References 91 publications

Dietary Patterns, Skeletal Muscle Health, and Sarcopenia in Older Adults

Dietary Patterns, Skeletal Muscle Health, and Sarcopenia in Older Adults

Perspective: The Application of A Priori Diet Quality Scores to Cardiovascular Disease Risk—A Critical Evaluation of Current Scoring Systems

Nutritional Status and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Elderly in Rural Area in Egypt.

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