Diet quality in a wild grazer declines under the threat of an ambush predator

Barnier, Florian; Valeix, Marion; Duncan, Patrick; Chamaillé‐Jammes, Simon; Barré, Philippe; Loveridge, Andrew J.; Macdonald, David W.; Fritz, Hervé

doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.0446

Cited by 58 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…, Barnier et al. , LaManna and Martin ). Conceptually, our understanding is limited because it is logical to hypothesize that the strength of antipredator responses should be positively related to the strength of direct predation (Relyea , Thaker et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The relationship between direct predation and antipredator responses: a test with multiple predators and multiple prey

Creel

Dröge

M’soka

et al. 2017

Ecology

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Most species adjust their behavior to reduce the likelihood of predation. Many experiments have shown that antipredator responses carry energetic costs that can affect growth, survival, and reproduction, so that the total cost of predation depends on a trade-off between direct predation and risk effects. Despite these patterns, few field studies have examined the relationship between direct predation and the strength of antipredator responses, particularly for complete guilds of predators and prey. We used scan sampling in 344 observation periods over a four-year field study to examine behavioral responses to the immediate presence of predators for a complete antelope guild (dominated by wildebeest, zebra, and oribi) in Liuwa Plains National Park, Zambia, testing for differences in response to all large carnivores in the ecosystem (lions, spotted hyenas, cheetahs, and African wild dogs). We quantified the proportion that each prey species contributed to the kills made by each predator (516 total kills), used distance sampling on systematic line transects to determine the abundance of each prey species, and combined these data to quantify the per-capita risk of direct predation for each predator-prey pair. On average, antelopes increased their vigilance by a factor of 2.4 when predators were present. Vigilance varied strongly among prey species, but weakly in response to different predators. Increased vigilance was correlated with reduced foraging in a similar manner for all prey species. The strength of antipredator response was not detectably related to patterns of direct predation (n = 15 predator-prey combinations with sufficient data). This lack of correlation has implications for our understanding of the role of risk effects as part of the limiting effect of predators on prey.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…), diet (Christianson and Creel , Barnier et al. ), and physiology (Zanette , Clinchy et al. , Creel et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between direct predation and antipredator responses: a test with multiple predators and multiple prey

Creel

Dröge

M’soka

et al. 2017

Ecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Simultaneous tracking of caribou, moose, and wolves in anthropogenically disturbed habitats has revealed that the network connectivity of resource patches affects both the spatial dynamics of large herbivores and the hunting strategies of their predators (84). Simultaneous tracking has also been used to assess the feeding costs of antipredator behavior (85). However, caution is needed when drawing conclusions from such studies, as mismatches between sampling protocols and biological phenomena of interest can complicate inference.…”

Section: Science Sciencemagorgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial animal tracking as an eye on life and planet

Kays

Crofoot

Jetz

et al. 2015

Science

1,225

1,258

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A brave new world with a wider view Researchers have long attempted to follow animals as they move through their environment. Until relatively recently, however, such efforts were limited to short distances and times in species large enough to carry large batteries and transmitters. New technologies have opened up new frontiers in animal tracking remote data collection. Hussey et al. review the unique directions such efforts have taken for marine systems, while Kays et al. review recent advances for terrestrial species. We have entered a new era of animal ecology, where animals act as both subjects and samplers of their environments. Science , this issue 10.1126/science.1255642 , 10.1126/science.aaa2478

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“…That prey animals are altering their habitat use or behaviour by trading the decrease in forage quality or quantity over the higher security from predation is well documented (e.g. Sih 1980;Creel et al 2005;Kauffman et al 2007;Barnier et al 2014). However, the mechanism behind this trade-off is not easily understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A “death trap” in the landscape of fear

Schmidt

Kuijper

2015

Mamm Res

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A crucial element in the Bthe landscape of fearĉ oncept is that prey animals are aware of varying levels of predation risk at a spatial scale. This often leads to a negative spatial relationship between prey and predator in which prey avoid the most risky sites in the landscape. In this paper, we argue that our understanding of large carnivore-ungulate interactions is biased by studies from highly heterogeneous landscapes (e.g. the Yellowstone National Park). Due to a high availability of refuges and foraging sites in such landscapes, prey are able to reduce predation risk by showing habitat shifts. Besides the spatial heterogeneity at the landscape scale, the ungulate response to predation risk can be affected by the hunting mode (stalking vs. cursorial) of the predator. We propose that prey cannot easily avoid predation risk by moving to less risky habitats in more homogenous landscapes with concentrated food resources, especially where the large carnivores' assemblage includes both stalking and cursorial species. No distinct refuges for prey may occur in such landscapes due to equally high accessibility to predators in all habitats, while concentrated resources make prey distribution more predictable. We discuss a model of a densely forested landscape based on a case study of the Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland. Within this landscape, ungulates focus their foraging activity on small food-rich forest gaps, which turn out to be Bdeath traps^as the gaps are primarily targeted by predators (stalking lynx and cursorial wolf) while hunting. No alternative of moving to low predation risk areas exist for prey due to risk from wolves in surrounding closed-canopy forest. As a result, the prey is exposed to constant high predation pressure in contrast to heterogeneous landscapes with less concentrated resources and more refuge areas. Future research should focus on explaining how ungulates are coping with predation risk in these landscapes that offer little choice of escaping predation by considering behavioural and physiological (e.g. metabolic, hormonal) responses.

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Diet quality in a wild grazer declines under the threat of an ambush predator

Cited by 58 publications

References 35 publications

The relationship between direct predation and antipredator responses: a test with multiple predators and multiple prey

The relationship between direct predation and antipredator responses: a test with multiple predators and multiple prey

Terrestrial animal tracking as an eye on life and planet

A “death trap” in the landscape of fear

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