Diet during Pregnancy and Infancy and the Infant Intestinal Microbiome

Savage, Jessica; Lee-Sarwar, Kathleen; Sordillo, Joanne E.; Lange, Nancy E.; Zhou, Yanjiao; O’Connor, George T.; Sandel, Megan; Bacharier, Leonard B.; Zeiger, Robert S.; Sodergren, Erica; Weinstock, George M.; Gold, Diane R.; Weiss, Scott T.; Litonjua, Augusto A.

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.07.066

Cited by 76 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Despite an almost identical energy density between infant formula and breast milk, formula‐fed infants experience greater weight gain in the first year of age than exclusively breastfed infants . Potential mechanisms linking infant formula feeding to greater weight gain include lower levels of feeding self‐regulation and increased appetite due to differences in sucking biomechanics between the bottle and breast, tendencies for bottle emptying, differences in infant gut microbiome, differences in established feeding practices, and parental attitudes towards infant feeding . Given majority of infants in the United States consume infant formula partially or solely in the first year of age and that infant formula is distributed to low‐income families nationally in federal and state nutrition programmes, it is surprising that public resources dedicated to proper formula preparation are limited and vary in their information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unintentional error in formula preparation and its simulated impact on infant weight and adiposity

et al. 2019

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Background: Accelerated weight gain in infancy is a public health issue and is likely due to feeding behaviours. Objectives:To test the accuracy of individuals to dispense infant formula as compared with recommended serving sizes and to estimate the effect of dispensing inaccuracy on infant growth.Methods: Fifty-three adults dispensed infant formula powder for three servings of 2, 4, 6, and 8 fl oz bottles, in random order. The weight of dispensed infant formula powder was compared with the recommended serving size weight on the nutrition label. A novel mathematical model was used to estimate the impact of formula dispensing on infant weight and adiposity.Results: Nineteen percent of bottles (20 of 636) prepared contained the recommended amount of infant formula powder. Three percent were underdispensed, and 78% of bottles were overdispensed, resulting in 11% additional infant formula powder. Mathematical modelling feeding 11% above energy requirements exclusively for 6 months for male and female infants suggested infants at the 50th percentile for weight at birth would reach the 75th percentile with increased adiposity by 6 months. Conclusions:Inaccurate measurement of infant formula powder and overdispensing, which is highly prevalent, specifically, may contribute to rapid weight gain and increased adiposity in formula-fed infants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unintentional error in formula preparation and its simulated impact on infant weight and adiposity

et al. 2019

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“…This is supported by studies showing that increased diet diversity leads to increased microbial diversity in the elderly 17 and in infants during the introduction of solid food. 18 Increased microbial diversity 19 or abundance of certain bacteria 20 has been associated with reduced allergy outcomes. However, there is a paucity of information linking diet diversity, microbial diversity and allergy outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EAACI position paper on diet diversity in pregnancy, infancy and childhood: Novel concepts and implications for studies in allergy and asthma

Venter

Greenhawt

Meyer

et al. 2020

Allergy

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To fully understand the role of diet diversity on allergy outcomes and to set standards for conducting research in this field, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Task Force on Diet and Immunomodulation has systematically explored the association between diet diversity and allergy outcomes. In addition, a detailed narrative review of information on diet quality and diet patterns as they pertain to allergic outcomes is presented. Overall, we recommend that infants of any risk category for allergic disease should have a diverse diet, given no evidence of harm and some potential association of benefit in the prevention of particular allergic outcomes. In order to harmonize methods for future data collection and reporting, the task force members propose relevant definitions and important factors for consideration, when measuring diet diversity in the context of allergy. Consensus was achieved on practice points through the Delphi method. It is hoped that the definitions and considerations described herein will also enable better comparison of future studies and improve mechanistic studies and pathway analysis to understand how diet diversity modulates allergic outcomes.

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“…Finally, diet diversity may play a role in allergy prevention by modifying the gut microbiome. During introduction of solid food in the weaning period, higher diet diversity may increase gut microbiome diversity (8). Data regarding the effect of diet diversity in the 1st year of life and atopic dermatitis, rhinitis, and asthma development are conflicting (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Diet Diversity and Diet Indices on Allergy Outcomes

et al. 2020

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Nutrients in foods are not eaten in isolation and food intake interacts in a complex manner, affecting health and disease outcomes. For this reason, focusing on the whole "pattern" of dietary intake instead of the single nutrients or groups of nutrients when studying diseases outcomes is increasingly appealing and growing. Diet diversity refers to the variety of foods being eaten, and the terms, diversity or variety, are often used interchangeably. When the overall diet is characterized by healthy foods, diet diversity will reflect a diversity/variety of healthy foods eaten over a period of time. The introduction of solid foods in the 1st year of life is considered a measure of increased diet diversity. Consuming a diverse range of foods and food allergens in the first year of life may increase intake of important nutrients and positively affect the gut microbiome structure and function. Intake of omega-3 fatty acids and fibers/prebiotics may be particularly important but more information is required about dose and which individuals are most likely to benefit. Increased diet diversity in the first year of life is also associated with reduced food allergy outcomes. In addition to diet diversity, diet indices are considered measures of overall diet quality and can be used as a simple assessment of dietary intake. The focus of this paper is to review and critically address the current knowledge of the association between diet diversity and diet indices and allergy outcomes. Based on the current evidence, we recommend the introduction of solid foods, including common allergenic solids, during the 1st year of life, according to the infant's neuro-developmental abilities and familial or cultural habits. For infants with severe AD and/or FA, medical assessment may be advisable before introducing common food allergens into the diet. Limited evidence exist about the role of diet indices in pregnancy and allergic disease in the offspring, and the most promising results indicate a reduction in childhood wheeze and/or asthma intake.

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Diet during Pregnancy and Infancy and the Infant Intestinal Microbiome

Abstract: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00920621.

Cited by 76 publications

References 31 publications

Unintentional error in formula preparation and its simulated impact on infant weight and adiposity

Unintentional error in formula preparation and its simulated impact on infant weight and adiposity

EAACI position paper on diet diversity in pregnancy, infancy and childhood: Novel concepts and implications for studies in allergy and asthma

The Role of Diet Diversity and Diet Indices on Allergy Outcomes

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