Diet and Bone Mineral Content at Term in Premature Infants

Færk, Jan; Petersen, Sten; Peitersen, Birgit; Michaelsen, Kim Fleischer

doi:10.1203/00006450-200001000-00025

Cited by 75 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Excessive phosphorus from carbonated beverages may increase the risk of adolescent fractures (Wyshak & Frisch, 1994) as well as impair bone homeostasis (Calvo, 1994). However, phosphorus supplementation leads to short-term increases in growth in preterm neonates (Faerk et al, 2000) while phosphorus intake is positively associated with BMD in young women (Teegarden et al, 1998) and postmenopausal women (Tranquilli et al, 1994). There have been few reports relating fat intake to BMD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal diet during pregnancy is associated with bone mineral density in children: a longitudinal study

2000

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Objective: To describe the association between maternal diet during the third trimester of pregnancy and bone mass in 8 y-old male and female children. Design: Longitudinal study. Setting: Southern Tasmania between 1988 and 1996. Subjects: One-hundred and seventy-three 8 -y-old male and female children with adequate maternal dietary information taking part in a study of bone mineralization. Results: After adjustment for confounders, femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) was positively associated with magnesium and phosphorus density of the maternal diet; lumbar spine BMD was positively associated with magnesium, phosphorus and potassium and negatively associated with fat density while total body BMD was positively associated with magnesium, potassium and protein and negatively associated with fat density (all P`0.05). After further adjustment for other signi®cant dietary factors, the only signi®cant remaining associations observed were for phosphorus and fat at the lumbar spine, although the adjusted goodness of ®t of the models improved compared to those including one dietary variable. A child in the`optimal' levels of dietary exposures had signi®cantly higher adjusted BMD at all sites (femoral neck, 5.5%, lumbar spine, 12%, total body, 6.8%). Calcium intake was not associated with BMD at any site, possibly due to a high average intake. Conclusions: This study reports a substantial association between in utero diet in a well-nourished population and later bone mass in their children. However, it does not allow identi®cation of the dietary components of greatest importance, indicating that these results should be regarded as hypothesis-generating. Further longitudinal studies in other populations are required to con®rm that dietary manipulation during pregnancy has a role to play in the early life prevention of osteoporosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal diet during pregnancy is associated with bone mineral density in children: a longitudinal study

2000

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“…Quanto à mineralização óssea, os resultados são conflitantes, com duas pesquisas referindo somente aumento do CMO do rádio 15 e aumento no CMO total 16 , e dois autores citados 17,18 não mostrando diferenças no CMO total com a suplementação. Não foram observadas fraturas, hipercalcemia ou outras manifestações clínicas.…”

Section: Conteúdo De Cálcio Do Leite Humano E De Fórmulasunclassified

Minerals in the nutrition of extremely low birth weight infants

Trindade¹

2005

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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Como citar este artigo: Trindade CE. Importância dos minerais na alimentação do pré-termo extremo. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2005;81(1 Supl):S43-S51. AbstractObjective: To review the literature on the role of calcium, phosphorus and trace elements in the nutrition of extremely low birth weight infants, considering their importance for metabolism, bone mineralization and as dietary components.Sources of data: MEDLINE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and books on nutrition were searched between 1994 and 2004. Original research studies and reviews were selected.Summary of the findings: Extremely preterm infants are frequently growth-restricted at hospital discharge as a consequence of difficulties in the provision of adequate nutrition. The long-term effects of this growth restriction need to be determined. There is a paucity of studies about the role of minerals, especially micronutrients, in the nutrition of extremely preterm infants. The principal focus of this review was on calcium and phosphorus metabolism, bone mineralization and parenteral and enteral supplementation. A critical evaluation of post-discharge nutrition and its influence upon growth and bone mineralization was presented. Selenium and zinc requirements and the role of selenium as an antioxidant with possible effects on free radical diseases of the preterm infant were discussed. Conclusions:Extremely preterm infants have low mineral reserves and, as a consequence, may have deficiencies in the postnatal period if they do not receive parenteral or enteral supplementation. More studies are needed to elucidate the actual requirements and the appropriate supplementation of micronutrients. There are controversies about the outcome and the influence of postdischarge nutrition on bone disease of prematurity.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2005;81(1 Supl):S43-S51: Infant, preterm, minerals, calcium, selenium, micronutrients, nutrition. ResumoObjetivo: Revisão crítica da literatura sobre os minerais cálcio, fósforo e microelementos na nutrição do pré-termo extremo, considerando a importância no crescimento, mineralização óssea e como componente de dietas. Fontes dos dados: Utilizamos o banco de dados MEDLINE e oCochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, de 1994 a 2004. Selecionamos artigos com enfoques originais, artigos de revisão e livros específicos.Síntese dos dados: As dificuldades na nutrição de prematuros extremos aumentam a freqüência de prematuros com restrição de crescimento, cujas conseqüências futuras estão para serem determinadas. Todavia, há pouca literatura sobre minerais, especialmente sobre micronutrientes na nutrição do pré-termo extremo, considerando-se o deficiente armazenamento e a importância destes em nutrição. O principal enfoque desta revisão foi sobre o cálcio e o fósforo na mineralização óssea e na suplementação em nutrição parenteral e enteral, bem como a avaliação crítica da nutrição pós-alta sobre a mineralização óssea. São abordadas as necessidades de micronutrientes, principalmente selênio e zinco, e a função antioxidante do selênio n...

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“…Second, even though protein enrichment affords short-term growth improvement, no long-term benefits have been demonstrated [8][9][10]. One Danish study suggested that unfortified human milk in daily amounts of around 200 ml/kg might be sufficient for preterm infants; in that study, infants given only their own mothers' unfortified milk were heavier at discharge but had length and head circumference measurements similar to infants fed with preterm formula [11]. Finally, in developing countries exclusively breastfed premature infants with VLBW have shown weight gain comparable to intra-uterine growth rates [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Breastfeeding among Low Birth Weight Infants Fed with or without Protein Enrichment of Human Milk

Funkquist¹,

Tuvemo²,

Jonsson³

et al. 2006

Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences

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The effect of protein enrichment of mother's milk on growth of low birthweight infants needs further exploration in order to optimize feeding strategies. The aim of this study was to describe feeding and growth of infants weighing <1,900 g at birth, up to a corrected age of 18 months, with or without protein-enriched breastmilk.A retrospective, descriptive, non-experimental design was used to describe the growth of 52 low birthweight infants. Data on their growth and feeding were collected from medical records at hospitals and child health care clinics.Despite more severe morbidity, the infants given protein-enriched milk showed similar growth as the other study infants. Standard deviation score for length at birth correlated positively with delta standard deviation score for length, from discharge to 12 and from discharge to 18 months corrected age. Duration of 'full' breastfeeding had a significant impact on subsequent improvement in SDS for weight. At discharge a smaller proportion of singletons fed with protein enriched milk were breastfed 'fully'. Infants who established breastfeeding at an early post-menstrual age were born with more optimal weight standard deviation score and had a better weight gain after discharge.We conclude that protein-enriched breast milk enables low birthweight infants requiring especially intensive care to attain growth at discharge comparable to that of healthier infants not given enriched milk. Low standard deviation score for length at birth may predict poor growth after discharge. However duration of 'full' breastfeeding had a significant impact on subsequent improvement in SDS for weight. Therefore it is important that mothers of LBW infants are given sufficient support of lactation and breastfeeding. 97

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Diet and Bone Mineral Content at Term in Premature Infants

Cited by 75 publications

References 28 publications

Maternal diet during pregnancy is associated with bone mineral density in children: a longitudinal study

Maternal diet during pregnancy is associated with bone mineral density in children: a longitudinal study

Minerals in the nutrition of extremely low birth weight infants

Growth and Breastfeeding among Low Birth Weight Infants Fed with or without Protein Enrichment of Human Milk

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