Did Polyommatus icarus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) have distinct glacial refugia in southern Europe? Evidence from population genetics

Schmitt, Thomas; Gießl, Andreas; Seitz, Alfred

doi:10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00261.x

Cited by 53 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The parameters of genetic diversity in M. galathea are similarly high as in other common and widespread butterfly species Lewis et al 1997;Vandewoestijne et al 1999;Schmitt and Seitz 2002;Wood and Pullin 2002;Schmitt et al 2003Schmitt et al , 2005 Bereczki et al 2005). This difference between the population genetic parameters of both species is not due to striking Conserv (2009Conserv ( ) 18:1895Conserv ( -1908Conserv ( 1901 differences in the total number of detected alleles (45 in M. galathea versus 43 in M. aurelia), but is based on strongly diverging allele frequency and distribution patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

The genetic consequence of differing ecological demands of a generalist and a specialist butterfly species

2009

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Many studies aim at testing the impact of recent fragmentation on the genetic diversity and connectivity of populations, while some species do exist naturally in fragmented landscapes because of their habitat requirements. Therefore, it is important to look at the genetic signatures of species occurring in naturally fragmented landscapes in order to disentangle the effect of fragmentation from the effect of habitat requirements. We selected two Nymphalid butterflies for this purpose. While Melanargia galathea is a common butterfly in flower-rich meadows, Melitaea aurelia is closely connected to calcareous grasslands, thus being historically fragmented due to its ecological demands. For the analysis of the genetic response on these opposed patterns, we analysed 18 allozyme loci for 789 individuals (399 individuals of M. galathea and 390 individuals of M. aurelia) in a western German study region with adjacent areas in Luxemburg and northeastern France. Both species showed similarly low genetic differentiations among local populations (M. galathea: F ST 3.3%; M. aurelia: F ST 3.6%), both combined with a moderate level of inbreeding. Isolation-by-distance analysis revealed a significant correlation for both species with similar amounts of explained variances (M. galathea: r 2 = 27.8%; M. aurelia: r 2 = 28.5%). Most parameters of genetic diversity were higher in M. galathea than in M. aurelia, but the latter species had a considerably higher amount of rare or locally restricted genes; the differing ecological demands are thus reflected in these differences. Both species thus seem to be genetically well suited to their respective ecological requirements. In the light of conservation genetics, we deduce that highly fragmented populations are not necessarily prone to extinction. The extinction risk might be linked to the life history of an organism and its population genetic structure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

The genetic consequence of differing ecological demands of a generalist and a specialist butterfly species

2009

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“…These are the result of stepping stone and leptokurtic dispersal power, where long distance dispersal events are very rare, albeit important in the long term (Whitlock, 2001). In contrast, range expansion leads to very little loss of genetic diversity in generalists with wide ecological requirements (e.g., the blue butterfly Polyommatus icarus (Rottemburg, 1775): Schmitt et al, 2003) or high gene flow (e.g. the white butterfly Pieris napi (Linnaeus, 1758): Porter & Geiger, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of genetic diversity through spontaneous colonization in the bog fritillary butterfly, Proclossiana eunomia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in the Czech Republic

Nève¹,

Pavlíčko²,

Konvička³

2009

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. The butterfly Proclossiana eunomia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) was discovered at a single locality in the Czech Republic in 1963. Until the 1980s, it was known from a restricted area, from which it spontaneously expanded during the 1980s to other localities up to 23 km from the source population. Samples were collected in 2002 from the source and ten other populations, totalling 274 specimens. All samples were analysed by electrophoresis for four polymorphic loci. Mean heterozygosity decreased with distance from the source population; this suggested a process of stepping stone colonization, involving the loss of rare alleles along the way. The populations close to the source population (less then ca. 15 km) retain a similar heterozygosity, whereas populations further away have a much reduced heterozygosity. Such a pattern of genetic differentiation and founder effect within a region is typical of specialized species with relatively low dispersal ability. The high level of genetic polymorphism found in the Šumava populations suggests that populations of this northern species in temperate-zone mountains are not just outposts of otherwise huge northern distribution, but represent genuine phylogeographic refugia. Survival of such species depends on the survival of the source population and of a sufficiently dense network of habitat patches.

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“…On the one hand, the allozymes do not show differentiation between the phenological forms. Although allozyme diversity of Maculinea species is generally low compared with other lycaenids (Schmitt et al 2003;Schmitt and Hewitt 2004;Aagaard et al 2002), it is suitable for species separation in this genus (Pecsenye et al 2007). On the other hand, although these forms harbour the same strain, we could not detect mito-nuclear discordance and significant deviation from the neutral model of molecular evolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controversial patterns of Wolbachia infestation in the social parasitic Maculinea butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

et al. 2015

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Wolbachia is a common group of intracellular bacteria found in arthropods and filarial nematodes. Since the past decade they have attracted considerable interest owing to their various effects on hosts, which range from reproductive manipulation to mutualism. Moreover, they can influence the mitochondrial DNA pattern which do not reflect the real evolutionary history of the target species and may be incongruent with nuclear data.Previously Wolbachia-manipulated mtDNA patterns, namely mito-nuclear discordance and deep mitochondrial splits associated with specific Wolbachia infections have been also discovered in the genus Maculinea. Here we present a comprehensive study on Wolbachia infestation and the genetic diversity of all Maculinea species in the Carpathian Basin. The prevalence and the pattern of the infestation highly differ among Maculinea species. M. alcon and M. arion are infected in 100%, each of these species with a single strain, but the infection level of M. nausithous and M. teleius is much lower, additionally, they are infected with multiple strains. The genetic diversity of Maculinea species proved to be generally low, only M. nausithous showed geographic pattern based on mitochondrial sequences and allozymes. In contrast with the previous studies, we could not detect mitonuclear discordance or find evidence for Wolbachia-induced selective sweep. Based on our results, we cannot hold only Wolbachia responsible for the restricted genetic diversity of Maculinea in the Carpathian Basin.Probably several factors shape together the level and pattern of genetic variability in Maculinea butterflies.

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Did Polyommatus icarus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) have distinct glacial refugia in southern Europe? Evidence from population genetics

Cited by 53 publications

References 61 publications

The genetic consequence of differing ecological demands of a generalist and a specialist butterfly species

The genetic consequence of differing ecological demands of a generalist and a specialist butterfly species

Loss of genetic diversity through spontaneous colonization in the bog fritillary butterfly, Proclossiana eunomia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in the Czech Republic

Controversial patterns of Wolbachia infestation in the social parasitic Maculinea butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

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