Did long‐term fire control the coniferous boreal forest composition of the northern Ural region (Komi Republic, Russia)?

Barhoumi, Chéïma; Ali, Adam A.; Peyron, Odile; Dugerdil, Lucas; Borisova, Olga; Golubeva, Yulia; Subetto, Dmitry; Kryshen, Alexander; Drobyshev, Igor; Ryzhkova, Nina; Joannin, Sébastien

doi:10.1111/jbi.13922

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(158 reference statements)

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“…Although some studies draw a similar conclusion (e.g. Carcaillet et al, 2001 in eastern Canada), this result contrasts with many other studies from the Eurasian and North American boreal zones, where vegetation changes were found to be closely connected to changes in fire regimes (Barhoumi et al, 2019(Barhoumi et al, , 2020Feurdean et al, 2020;Gavin et al, 2007;Kelly et al, 2013). However, on a shorter, multidecadal timescale, phases with more Cyperaceae pollen (sedges) in the Lake Khamra record and a higher ratio of evergreen to deciduous arboreal pollen types coincide with periods of high fire activity in phases 2 and 4 (see Fig.…”

Section: Vegetationcontrasting

confidence: 93%

Wildfire history of the boreal forest of southwestern Yakutia (Siberia) over the last two millennia documented by a lake-sedimentary charcoal record

Glückler¹,

Herzschuh²,

Kruse³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Wildfires, as a key disturbance in forest ecosystems, are shaping the world’s boreal landscapes. Changes in fire regimes are closely linked to a wide array of environmental factors, such as vegetation composition, climate change, and human activity. Arctic and boreal regions and, in particular, Siberian boreal forests are experiencing rising air and ground temperatures with the subsequent degradation of permafrost soils, leading to shifts in tree cover and species composition. Compared to the boreal zones of North America or Europe, little is known about how such environmental changes might influence long-term fire regimes in Russia. The larch-dominated eastern Siberian deciduous boreal forests differ markedly from the composition of other boreal forests, yet data about past fire regimes remain sparse. Here, we present a high-resolution macroscopic charcoal record from lacustrine sediments of Lake Khamra (SW Yakutia, Siberia) spanning the last c. 2200 years, including information about charcoal particle sizes and morphotypes. Our results reveal a phase of increased charcoal accumulation between 600–900 CE, indicative of relatively high amounts of burnt biomass and high fire frequencies. This is followed by an almost 900-year-long period of low charcoal accumulation without significant peaks, likely corresponding to cooler climate conditions. After 1750 CE fire frequencies and the relative amount of biomass burnt start to increase again, coinciding with a warming climate and increased anthropogenic land development after Russian colonisation. In the 20th century, total charcoal accumulation decreases again to very low levels, despite higher fire frequency, potentially reflecting a change in fire management strategies and/or a shift of the fire regime towards more frequent, but smaller fires. A similar pattern for different charcoal morphotypes and comparison to a pollen and non-pollen palynomorph record from the same sediment core indicate that broad-scale changes in vegetation composition were probably not a major driver of recorded fire regime changes. Instead, the fire regime of the last two millennia at Lake Khamra seems to be controlled mainly by a combination of short-term climate variability and anthropogenic fire ignition and suppression.

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Section: Vegetationcontrasting

confidence: 93%

Wildfire history of the boreal forest of southwestern Yakutia (Siberia) over the last two millennia documented by a lake-sedimentary charcoal record

Glückler¹,

Herzschuh²,

Kruse³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…5). The reconstructed fire return interval (FRI) in the study area is largely in line with other sites located in forested peatlands (Pinus-Betula-dominated, Picea obovata, Abies sibirica) in Russia, which report an FRI range between 100 and 600 years (Barhoumi et al, 2019(Barhoumi et al, , 2020(Barhoumi et al, , 2021. In contrast to a study in the northern Ural region (Barhoumi et al, 2019), we have not found a gradual increase in fire frequency from the early Holocene towards the present, but rather two distinct periods of enhanced activity between 7.5 and 4 ka and approximately over the last 2 kyr (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Holocene wildfire regimes in western Siberia: interaction between peatland moisture conditions and the composition of plant functional types

Feurdean

Diaconu²,

Pfeiffer³

et al. 2022

Clim. Past

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Abstract. Wildfire is the most common disturbance type in boreal forests and can trigger significant changes in forest composition. Waterlogging in peatlands determines the degree of tree cover and the depth of the burnt horizon associated with wildfires. However, interactions between peatland moisture, vegetation composition and flammability, and fire regime in forest and forested peatland in Eurasia remain largely unexplored, despite their huge extent in boreal regions. To address this knowledge gap, we reconstructed the Holocene fire regime, vegetation composition, and peatland hydrology at two sites located in predominantly light taiga (Pinus sylvestris Betula) with interspersed dark taiga communities (Pinus sibirica, Picea obovata, Abies sibirica) in western Siberia in the Tomsk Oblast, Russia. We found marked shifts in past water levels over the Holocene. The probability of fire occurrence and the intensification of fire frequency and severity increased at times of low water table (drier conditions), enhanced fuel dryness, and an intermediate dark-to-light taiga ratio. High water level, and thus wet peat surface conditions, prevented fires from spreading on peatland and surrounding forests. Deciduous trees (i.e. Betula) and Sphagnum were more abundant under wetter peatland conditions, and conifers and denser forests were more prevalent under drier peatland conditions. On a Holocene scale, severe fires were recorded between 7.5 and 4.5 ka with an increased proportion of dark taiga and fire avoiders (Pinus sibirica at Rybnaya and Abies sibirica at Ulukh–Chayakh) in a predominantly light taiga and fire-resister community characterised by Pinus sylvestris and lower local water level. Severe fires also occurred over the last 1.5 kyr and were associated with a declining abundance of dark taiga and fire avoiders, an expansion of fire invaders (Betula), and fluctuating water tables. These findings suggest that frequent, high-severity fires can lead to compositional and structural changes in forests when trees fail to reach reproductive maturity between fire events or where extensive forest gaps limit seed dispersal. This study also shows prolonged periods of synchronous fire activity across the sites, particularly during the early to mid-Holocene, suggesting a regional imprint of centennial- to millennial-scale Holocene climate variability on wildfire activity. Humans may have affected vegetation and fire from the Neolithic; however, increasing human presence in the region, particularly at the Ulukh–Chayakh Mire over the last 4 centuries, drastically enhanced ignitions compared to natural background levels. Frequent warm and dry spells predicted by climate change scenarios for Siberia in the future will enhance peatland drying and may convey a competitive advantage to conifer taxa. However, dry conditions will probably exacerbate the frequency and severity of wildfire, disrupt conifers' successional pathway, and accelerate shifts towards deciduous broadleaf tree cover. Furthermore, climate–disturbance–fire feedbacks will accelerate changes in the carbon balance of boreal peatlands and affect their overall future resilience to climate change.

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“…5). The reconstructed fire return interval (FRI) in the study area is in line with those from other sites located in forested peatlands (Pinus-Betula dominated, Picea obovata, Abies sibirica) in Russia, which report an FRI range between 100 and 600 yr (Barhoumi et al, 2019(Barhoumi et al, , 2020. In contrast to these studies, we have not found a gradual increase in fire frequency from the early Holocene towards the present, but rather two distinct periods of enhanced activity, between 7.5 and 4 ka, and approximately over the last 2 ka (Fig.…”

Section: Changes In Fuel Fire Type and Fire Frequency Over The Holocenesupporting

confidence: 82%

Holocene wildfire regimes in forested peatlands in western Siberia: interaction between peatland moisture conditions and the composition of plant functional types

Feurdean

Diaconu

Pfeiffer

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Wildfire is the most common disturbance type in boreal forests and can trigger significant changes in forest composition. Waterlogging in peatlands determines the degree of tree cover and the depth of the burning horizon associated with wildfires. However, interactions between peatland moisture, vegetation composition and flammability, and fire regime in forested peatland in Eurasia remain largely unexplored, despite their huge extent in boreal regions. To address this knowledge gap, we reconstructed the Holocene fire regime, vegetation composition, and peatland hydrology at two sites in Western Siberia near Tomsk Oblast, Russia. The palaeoecological records originate from forested peatland areas in predominantly light taiga (Pinus-Betula) with the increase in dark taiga communities (Pinus sibirica, Picea obovata, Abies sibirica) towards the east. We found that the past water level fluctuated between 8 and 30 cm below the peat surface. Wet peatland conditions promoted broadleaf trees (Betula), whereas dry peatland conditions favoured conifers and a greater forest density (dark-to-light-taiga ratio). The frequency and severity of fire increased with a declining water table that enhanced fuel dryness and flammability and at an intermediate forest density. We found that the probability of intensification in fire severity increased when the water level declined below 20 cm suggesting a tipping point in peatland hydrology at which wildfire regime intensifies. On a Holocene scale, we found two scenarios of moisture-vegetation-fire interactions. In the first, severe fires were recorded between 7.5 and 4.5 ka BP with lower water levels and an increased proportion of dark taiga and fire avoiders (Pinus sibirica at Rybanya and Abies sibirica at Ulukh Chayakh) mixed into the dominantly light taiga and fire-resister community of Pinus sylvestris. The second occurred over the last 1.5 ka and was associated with fluctuating water tables, a declining abundance of fire avoiders, and an expansion of fire invaders (Betula). These findings suggest that frequent high-severity fires can lead to compositional and structural changes in forests when trees fail to reach reproductive maturity between fire events or where extensive forest gaps limit seed dispersal. This study also shows prolonged periods of synchronous fire activity across the sites, particularly during the early to mid-Holocene, suggesting a regional imprint of centennial to millennial-scale Holocene climate variability on wildfire activity. Increasing human presence in the region of the Ulukh-Chayakh Mire near Teguldet over the last four centuries drastically enhanced ignitions compared to natural background levels. Frequent warm and dry spells predicted for the future in Siberia by climate change scenarios will enhance peatland drying and may convey a competitive advantage to conifer taxa. However, dry conditions, particularly a water table decline below the threshold of 20 cm, will probably exacerbate the frequency and severity of wildfire, disrupt conifers’ successional pathway and accelerate shifts towards more fire-adapted broadleaf tree cover. Furthermore, climate-disturbance-fire feedbacks will accelerate changes in the carbon balance of forested boreal peatlands and affect their overall future resilience to climate change.

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Did long‐term fire control the coniferous boreal forest composition of the northern Ural region (Komi Republic, Russia)?

Cited by 17 publications

References 84 publications

Wildfire history of the boreal forest of southwestern Yakutia (Siberia) over the last two millennia documented by a lake-sedimentary charcoal record

Wildfire history of the boreal forest of southwestern Yakutia (Siberia) over the last two millennia documented by a lake-sedimentary charcoal record

Holocene wildfire regimes in western Siberia: interaction between peatland moisture conditions and the composition of plant functional types

Holocene wildfire regimes in forested peatlands in western Siberia: interaction between peatland moisture conditions and the composition of plant functional types

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