Diazinon mediated biochemical changes in the African toad (Bufo regularis)

Abstract

The sublethal toxicity of diazinon to the adult African toad, Bufo regularis was assessed using an integration of biomarkers. Changes in acetylcholinesterase (AChE), corticosterone and total protein levels were assessed in the serum, brain, liver, lungs and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the results supported by bioaccumulation data. The biomarkers were chosen as indicators of key physiological functions: AChE for neurotoxicity, corticosterone and total protein levels as indicators of oxidative stress. Toads were exposed to 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 g/L for 28 days. Brain AChE activity reduced by 96% in the highest concentration (0.04 g/L) compared to the control brain. Similarly, AChE activities in serum, liver, lungs and GIT tissues (88%, 88%, 87, 87% umg -1 protein respectively) were also inhibited in the toads. Corticosterone and total protein levels in the tissues decreased compared to the control. The accumulation results obtained showed accumulation in the tissues (liver>serum>brain> lung>GIT), with a direct relationship between tissue concentration and changes in the biochemical indices. The alterations in all the indices were significantly concentration dependent. The biomarkers described in this study could be useful complementary indices in the risk assessment of diazinon pesticide.

The Amphibian Short‐Term Assay: Evaluation of a New Ecotoxicological Method for Amphibians Using Two Organophosphate Pesticides Commonly Found in Nature—Assessment of Biochemical, Morphological, and Life‐History Traits

“…As expected, the present study demonstrates inhibition of AChE in larvae by both diazinon at a concentration of 1 mg/L and chlorpyrifos at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.1 mg/L. Inhibition of AChE activity has been documented for diazinon and chlorpyrifos on X. laevis as well as in other amphibian species (Colombo et al, 2005 ; Tongo et al, 2012 ). Although these activities were expected to increase with the level of exposure to diazinon and chlorpyrifos, no effect was observed in larvae.…”

Analysis of health status of the frog Fejervarya limnocharis (Anura: Ranidae) living in rice paddy fields of Western Ghats, using body condition factor and AChE content

“…Amphibians are highly vulnerable to pesticides that are cholinesterase inhibitors. Many studies have indicated that pesticide reduce cholinesterase activities in amphibians (Widder & Bidwell, 2006;Khan et al, 2007;Tongo et al, 2012). Bradford et al, (2011) found low frequency (>30 %) of ChE inhibition in Rana population exposed to chlorpyrifos and considered that this was due to exposure pesticide on tadpoles.…”