Diamondoid hydrocarbons as indicators of natural oil cracking

Dahl, Jeremy E. P.; Moldowan, J. Michael; Peters, Kenneth E.; Claypool, George E.; Rooney, Melodye A.; Michael, G. E.; Mello, M.R.; Kohnen, M.E.L.

doi:10.1038/19953

Cited by 411 publications

(277 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…40 This is the building block of lonsdaleite, the hexagonal carbon allotrope, occurring in microcrystals formed in high-impact meterorites. 41,42 One-edge- [2]mantane was prepared by Schleyer and coworkers 27,43 and was called [2]diadamantane, according to the number of shared vertices. Murray Jr. and coworkers achieved the regioselective functionalization of this compound at its tertiary CH groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Murray Jr. and coworkers achieved the regioselective functionalization of this compound at its tertiary CH groups. 44 The same research group 45 described the regioselective bromination at tertiary carbon atoms of [2]spiromantane (called [1]diadamantane according to Schlyer's proposal). 27,43 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For brevity, we will call such diamondoids '[n]spiromantanes', with n in square brackets denoting the number of adamantane units. The hydrocarbon [2]spiromantane C 19 H 28 was synthesized by two routes, 28,29 and thermal rearrangements of 1-substituted derivatives Open chains of spiranic structures have little strain, but macrocyclic spiranic structures involving carbons of distal CH 2 groups in adamantane units with various n values that form a ring are strained. Figure 4 presents a front and side view of cyclo [16]spiromantane derived from nonbranched distal CH 2 groups.…”

Section: Diamondoid Structures Sharing One Carbon Atom For Two Adamanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyclic Diamondoid Structures with Shared Vertices, Edges, or 6-membered Rings

Balaban¹

2015

Croat. Chem. Acta

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Abstract. Diamondoid structures with shared vertices, edges, or 6-membered rings can theoretically be curved into toroidal structures whose calculated energy provides information about steric strain. Diamondoid hydrocarbons sharing one vertex between two adamantane units are called [n]spiromantanes, where n indicates the number of adamantane units. When a pair of adamantane units shares one CC bond, the resulting assembly is called one-edge-[n]mantane, specifying (by letters in square brackets) which bonds are shared by the adamantane units. Two adjacent edges may be shared by a pair of adamantane units, and the assembly is called two-edge-[n]mantane, again specifying by letters in square brackets the shared bonds. Catamantanes or perimantanes sharing a 6-membered ring of carbon atoms may form larger rings in an assembly which is called [n]cyclomantane; in the case of catamantanes, the structure of the diamondoid is specified by codes of the dualists. Finally, nanotubes derived from hexagonal diamond, as well as corresponding toroidal structures, are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diamondoid Structures Sharing One Carbon Atom For Two Adamanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyclic Diamondoid Structures with Shared Vertices, Edges, or 6-membered Rings

Balaban¹

2015

Croat. Chem. Acta

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“…4). In particular, the concentration of diamantanes reflects the extent of oil cracking (Dahl et al 1999;Zhang et al 2011). The concentration of diamantanes is 150 lg/g in the condensates of well ZG43 with an H 2 S concentration of 36.537 mg/m 3 , which is much higher than that in conventional oil.…”

Section: Geochemical Features Of High Sulfur Condensate Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of formation water on the generation of H2S in condensate reservoirs: a case study from the deep Ordovician in the Tazhong Uplift of the Tarim Basin, NW China

Jin

Wang

et al. 2017

Pet. Sci.

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A number of condensate reservoirs with high concentrations of H 2 S have been discovered in the deep dolomite reservoirs of the lower Ordovician Yingshan Formation (O 1 y) in the Tazhong Uplift, where the formation water has a high pH value. In the O 1 y reservoir, the concentrations of Mg 2? and SO 4 2-in the formation water are higher than those in the upper Ordovician formation. The concentration of H 2 S in the condensate reservoirs and the concentration of Mg 2? in the formation water correlate well in the O 1 y reservoirs of the Tazhong Uplift, which indicates a presumed thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) origin of H 2 S according to the oxidation theory of contact ion-pairs (CIPs). Besides, the pH values of the formation water are positively correlated with the concentration of H 2 S in the condensate reservoirs, which may indicate that high pH might be another factor to promote and maintain TSR. Oil-source correlation of biomarkers in the sulfuretted condensates indicates the Cambrian source rocks could be the origin of condensates. The formation water in the condensate reservoirs of O 1 y is similar to that in the Cambrian; therefore, the TSR of sulfate-CIPs likely occurred in the Cambrian. High H 2 S-bearing condensates are mainly located near the No. 1 Fault and NE-SW strikeslip faults, which are the major migration pathway of deep fluids in the Tazhong Uplift. The redox between sulfateCIPs and hydrocarbons is the generation mechanism of H 2 S in the deep dolomite condensate reservoirs of the Tazhong Uplift. This finding should be helpful to predict the fluid properties of deep dolomite reservoirs.

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“…Even smaller, molecular-scale diamonds are known as "diamondoids", consisting of only a few diamond unit cells. Higher diamondoids consist of four or more cages in a molecule, and were first isolated from petroleum by a group of scientists at Chevron 6,7,8 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Diamondoid coating enables disruptive approach for chemical and magnetic imaging with 10 nm spatial resolution

Ishiwata

Acremann²,

Schöll

et al. 2012

Applied Physics Letters

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Diamondoids are unique molecular-scale diamonds with fascinating new properties such as negative electron affinity (NEA) and short electron mean free paths. A thin layer of diamondoids deposited on a cathode is able to act as an electron monochromator, reducing the energy spread of photo-emitted electrons from a surface. This property can be applied effectively to improve the spatial resolution in x-ray photoemission electron microscopy (X-PEEM), which is limited by chromatic aberration of the electron optics. In this paper we present X-PEEM measurements reaching the technological relevant spatial resolution of 10-nm without the need of expensive and complex corrective optics. Our results provide a simple approach to image surface chemical and magnetic information at nanometer scales by employing diamondoid nano materials.

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Diamondoid hydrocarbons as indicators of natural oil cracking

Cited by 411 publications

References 16 publications

Cyclic Diamondoid Structures with Shared Vertices, Edges, or 6-membered Rings

Cyclic Diamondoid Structures with Shared Vertices, Edges, or 6-membered Rings

Impact of formation water on the generation of H2S in condensate reservoirs: a case study from the deep Ordovician in the Tazhong Uplift of the Tarim Basin, NW China

Diamondoid coating enables disruptive approach for chemical and magnetic imaging with 10 nm spatial resolution

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