Diagnóstico imuno-histoquímico e caracterização anatomopatológica de Mycoplasma gallisepticum em galinhas de subsistência

Casagrande, Renata Assis; Castro, Luiza Amaral de; Rolim, Verônica Machado; Wouters, Flademir; Boabaid, Fabiana M.; Souza, Suyene Oltramari de; Guerra, Priscila Regina; Silva, Sérgio C.; Driemeier, David

doi:10.1590/s0100-736x2014000200010

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Dos casos de condenação por colibacilose em que evidenciou-se lesão inflamatória em pulmões, traqueia e sacos aéreos, esses foram submetidos à IHQ anti-MG e anti-MS conforme descrito por Yilmaz et al (2011a, Yilmaz. & Timurkaan 2011b e adaptado por Casagrande et al (2014).…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

Caracterização anatomopatológica e bacteriológica em frangos de corte condenados totalmente por colibacilose sob Serviço de Inspeção Federal

et al. 2017

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RESUMO: A colibacilose é a principal causa infecciosa de condenação total de carcaça em frangos de corte no sul do Brasil. Esse trabalho tem por objetivo determinar o grau de concordância entre a condenação total por colibacilose de frangos de corte abatidos em estabelecimento sob Serviço de Inspeção Federal (SIF) com o diagnóstico anatomopatológico e bacteriológico. O estudo foi realizado com 45 frangos de corte condenados totalmente por colibacilose (caso) e seus respectivos 45 controles (frangos sem lesões). Em todos os frangos condenados pelo SIF havia lesões macroscópicas e, nos controles não se observou. Através do teste Kappa-Cohen´s essas duas variáveis apresentaram concordância quase perfeita. As aves condenadas apresentaram lesões em fígado (27/45); em fígado e sacos aéreos (11/45); em fígado e coração (2/45); fígado, sacos aéreos e coração (2/45); fígado, sacos aéreos e oviduto (1/45); fígado, sacos aéreos, coração e tecido subcutâneo (1/45); e fígado, sacos aéreos, oviduto e baço (1/45). Observou-se concordância quase perfeita entre condenação e lesão hepática. Histologicamente, em 41 casos e 12 controles observaram-se lesões, sendo os mais frequentes hepatite necrosante aleatória, bronquite fibrino-heterofílica, pericardite aguda e traqueíte linfoplasmocitária. Nas aves com hepatite identificou-se E. coli, Enterococcus sp. e Streptococcus sp. (10/38) e, nas aves com bronquite ou broncopneumonia isolou-se Escherichia coli e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva (9/14). O PCR em tempo real e a imuno-histoquímica para Mycoplasma gallisepticum e M. synoviae foram negativos. Nos casos de condenação total por colibacilose o fígado foi o principal órgão acometido, portanto, o critério de condenação deveria ser revisto, sugerindo condenação por hepatite nesses casos, já que outras bactérias podem causar hepatite, como foi demonstrado nesse estudo.

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Section: Methodsunclassified

Caracterização anatomopatológica e bacteriológica em frangos de corte condenados totalmente por colibacilose sob Serviço de Inspeção Federal

et al. 2017

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“…There were records of similar losses to those reported here in at least in 2 additional bird farms visited regularly by our team in 2016. Although it is known that mycoplasmosis and histomoniasis can affect free-range chickens in Brazil [1,3], this communication provides new evidence of the impact that these diseases may have on local flocks of ornamental birds, but also shows that some control measures may be easily performed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Definitive diagnosis of the two conditions was based on typical signs and lesions [2][3][4][5][6][7][8], in addition to complementary IHC [3] and PCR results for confirming mycoplasmosis. High rates of purchase and resale of birds in the absence of appropriate sanitary management (quarantine, routine anthelmintic administration and vaccination), overcrowding, and poor enclosure hygiene were identified as the main predisposing factors in these outbreaks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later that year, during the usual period of the disease's annual occurrence (April-July), only 4 clinical cases (2 Polyplectron bicalcaratum and 2 Lophura nycthemera) were observed, and they were successfully treated at the beginning of the clinical course (the stage when the infraorbital edema was just becoming evident). A combination of 0.2 g tylosin (Tyladen ® ) 2 and 0.5 mg flumethasone (Flucortan ® ) 3 was splashed onto the birds' eyes using a syringe, twice daily for 3 days. The birds were released after their wet feathers had been dried with hair dryer.…”

Section: Casementioning

confidence: 99%

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Outbreaks of Mycoplasmosis and Histomoniasis in a Southern Brazilian Flock of Ornamental Birds

Oliveira

Boabaid

Lorenzett

et al. 2017

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Infectious diseases have expanded their host and geographic ranges, increasing impacts on both human and animal health. Mycoplasma gallisepticum usually causes avian chronic respiratory conditions and Histomonas meleagridis infects the cecum and the liver of poultry. Although these diseases have been reported in several bird species, information associated with their prevalence and impact in local flocks of ornamental birds is scarce. This communication describes severe outbreaks of mycoplasmosis and histomoniasis that affected a southern Brazilian commercial flock of ornamental birds.Case: The outbreaks occurred in an ornamental bird flock that contained 2,340 birds from 39 different species, distributed mostly in the orders Galliformes, Anseriformes, and Psittaciformes. Mycoplasma gallisepticum affected 12 chukar partridges, 12 Indian peacocks, 19 ornamental chickens and 46 individuals of 4 species of pheasant. The disease cases were distributed between April and July 2015. A total of 36 birds died due to the disease’ complications and most surviving birds suffered from severe ocular sequels, which determined their subsequent culling, despite attempts of different treatment protocols. The main signs included coughing, sneezing, infraorbital swelling, wasting, and death which were mostly associated with caseous sinusitis. Affected birds had positive samples when stained with anti-Mycoplasma gallisepticum immunohistochemistry and tested by Mycoplasma gallisepticum-Polymerase Chain Reaction. The application of 2 doses of a Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine in early 2016 to all the Galliformes in the flock reduced the annual prevalence to 4 clinical cases. Histomoniasis affected and killed 19 out of 27 chukar partridges that were being kept with ring-necked pheasants in the same enclosure. The disease occurred between September and December 2016 and a high prevalence of Heterakis gallinarum was detected in the flock. The main findings included apathy and death linked to hepatic and cecal necrosis. Admixed in the necrotic areas, there were numerous round to oval, eosinophilic, protozoal trophozoites of 15-20 µm in diameter, occasionally containing a 3-5 µm centrally located basophilic nucleus (histomonads) surrounded by a clear halo. Anthelmintic dosing, exchanging and liming the bedding material of the enclosures, and keeping the remaining partridges in an aerial aviary with a wire mesh floor prevented additional cases of histomoniasis.Discussion: In Brazil, as in other countries, the sanitary management practices applied in commercial chicken production reached high levels of technification. However, this is not the case in ornamental bird breeding systems, which may still suffer the impacts of diseases that are practically extinct in industrial chicken flocks. For both diseases, diagnosis was based on typical clinical signs and detection of the pathogens in association with characteristic pathological findings. The occurrence of mycoplasmosis and histomoniasis was associated with improper management practices at the farm; the main risk factors observed were a high turnover of birds, the absence of quarantine, the absence of basic health care, overcrowding and poor hygiene. The prevention of further cases of both diseases was mostly established with the application of basic sanitary measures, including vaccination and anthelmintic dosing, for mycoplasmosis and histomoniasis respectively. This report alerts bird keepers and avian veterinarians of the importance of establishing proper sanitary management in local ornamental bird flocks. Because some of the ornamental bird species that have been commercially propagated worldwide may be included in the list of threatened species, the findings described here also show that simple health care may promote the fight against extinctions.

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“…Based on reports from breeders and technical observations, some viral, bacterial and parasitic pathogens may cause diseases (Alders 2005), but there is few studies of the presence of these pathogens. Casagrande et al (2014) recorded two outbreaks of mycoplasmosis in Rio Grande do Sul caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) in backyard poultry. Mycoplasma gallisepticum is the most important species of avian mycoplasma, affecting wild and domestic poultry worldwide and causing great losses in the poultry industry through diseases such as chronic respiratory disease in chickens and infectious sinusitis in turkeys, which can be accompanied by airsacculitis and asymptomatic issues in adult birds (Ley 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and risk factors assessment associated with Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection in chickens in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil

Sá

Júnior

Vilela³

et al. 2015

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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RESUMO.-[Ocorrência e fatores de riscos associados à infecção por Mycoplasma gallisepticum em galinhas na região Semiárida do estado de Pernambuco.] Objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de infecção porMycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) e os fatores de risco dessa doença em trezentas amostras de soro sanguíneo de galinhas domésticas em 23 propriedades da agricultura familiar na região semiárida do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Para a pesquisa de anticorpos contra Mycoplasma gallisepticum utilizou-se o Ensaio Imunoenzimático (ELISA). A aná-lise univariada (Qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fischer) seguida pela análise multivariada (Regressão Logística) foram utilizadas para avaliar os fatores de risco com duas variáveis: manejo e sanidade das aves. Foi detectada uma frequência de 53,33% (157/300) de aves soropositivas para MG com 100% de focos. Os fatores de risco confirmados na análi-se multivariada, neste estudo, foram a criação de outras espécies de aves na propriedade como Numida meleagris (OR=2,22; p=0,005) The aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection and risk factors of this disease in three hundred serum samples from on 23 familiar agricultural properties in the semiarid region of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. ELI-SA was used to study antibodies anti-Mycoplasma gallisepticum. The univariate analysis (chi--squared test or Fischer's exact test) followed by multivariate analysis (logistic regression) were used to assess the risk factors with two variables: management and sanity of the poultry. It was detected a frequence of 53.33% (157/300) of the birds were positive for MG, with 100% foci. The risk factors confirmed by multivariate analysis, in the present study, were the presence of other poultry species on the property, including Numida meleagris (OR=2.22; p=0.005), parrots (OR=1.72; p=0.027), and of passerines (OR=1.88; p=0.007). These results showed that Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection is endemic among backyard poultry in the semiarid region of the state of Pernambuco. These birds could be a source of infection for other wild or domestic poultry. . This is the first report of the occurrence of avian mycoplasmosis in backyard poultry in the state of Pernambuco in northeastern Brazil. The risk factors identified should serve as a parameter for the health authorities to seek solutions related to controlling the disease.

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Diagnóstico imuno-histoquímico e caracterização anatomopatológica de Mycoplasma gallisepticum em galinhas de subsistência

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Caracterização anatomopatológica e bacteriológica em frangos de corte condenados totalmente por colibacilose sob Serviço de Inspeção Federal

Caracterização anatomopatológica e bacteriológica em frangos de corte condenados totalmente por colibacilose sob Serviço de Inspeção Federal

Outbreaks of Mycoplasmosis and Histomoniasis in a Southern Brazilian Flock of Ornamental Birds

Occurrence and risk factors assessment associated with Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection in chickens in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil

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