Diagnostic accuracy of haemoglobin colour strip (HCS-HLL), a digital haemoglobinometer (TrueHb) and a non-invasive device (TouchHb) for screening patients with anaemia

Abstract

The digital method (TrueHb) emerged as a better diagnostic method for screening anaemia. Its effectiveness should be established in outreach settings before further recommendation.

Methods and analyzers for hemoglobin measurement in clinical laboratories and field settings

“…This is done simply by placing a monitor on the finger of the individual (i.e., appropriate to the size and age of the individual), requiring them to sit completely still, and measuring the total Hb within 30 seconds. 40–42,44–46 …”

“…26 The CM is still a commonly used method in many clinical laboratories even though newer methods are available. 31 77 Funk et al, 78 Tondon et al, 79 and Antwi-Baffour et al 88 b Sawant et al 84 and Nkrumah et al 99 c Mohandas et al, 33 Lara et al, 15 and Green et al 17 d WHO, 34 Darshana et al, 35 and Marn et al 46 e Gong et al, 37 Rudolf-Oliveira et al, 102 HemoCue, 38 and Whitehead et al 11 f Yang et al 25 g Tyburski et al 47 and McGann et al 86 h Belardinelli et al, 112 Al-Khabori et al, 40 Neogi et al, 44 Biosense, 45 In 1953, Coulter developed a principle of rapid and accurate counting and sizing particles in a clinical laboratory setting. Coulter's principle led to the development of quantitative automated cell counting, with advancements in technology during the 1960−1970s leading to the development of higher quality AHAs.…”

“…24,25,34 Due to a need for a noninvasive device to assess Hb, noninvasive POC analyzers were developed for use in more controlled settings, with the potential for use in field settings. [40][41][42][43][44] In 2006, Masimo was one of the first to develop noninvasive POC analyzers (Radical-7) followed by other model analyzers (and Pronto-7 pulse CO-oximeters) and companies, including Biosense (ToucHb) in 2008. These noninvasive POC analyzers operate using a device called the CO-oximeter, which measures the oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ), pulse rate, perfusion index (Pi), and total Hb by detecting the levels of oxygen and carbon monoxide (CO) bound to Hb in the individual.…”

“…This is done simply by placing a monitor on the finger of the individual (i.e., appropriate to the size and age of the individual), requiring them to sit completely still, and measuring the total Hb within 30 seconds. [40][41][42][44][45][46] In 2013, a color-based POC analyzer was developed to measure Hb aiming to provide a rapid, simple to use, and disposable method that did not require electricity. 47 The device consists of a small round tube with a cap that holds the solution, which mixes with the capillary blood sample that enters the device via capillary action.…”

“…47 and McGann et al . 86 h Belardinelli et al ., 112 Al-Khabori et al ., 40 Neogi et al ., 44 Biosense, 45 and Masimo 46 * Supplies are $5 per person for small survey assessing anemia and malaria versus $75 per person for large survey assessing anemia, malaria, serum ferritin, serum soluble transferrin receptor, inflammation, serum vitamin A, serum vitamin B12, folate, serum zinc, and urinary iodine (i.e., costs include supplies and analytical costs) (see Refs. 148 and 149).…”