Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Lyme Disease

Bransfield, Robert C.

doi:10.1001/jama.280.12.1049

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“… 22 – 35 Fourteen additional citations recognize the causal association between suicide and LAD. 15 , 16 , 36 – 47 One article reviewed the clinical course of 57 patients diagnosed with Lyme disease and documented four suicide attempts in the 57 patients. 48 Five articles recognized that suicidality associated with LAD has an immune-mediated pathophysiology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide and Lyme and associated diseases

Bransfield¹

2017

NDT

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PurposeThe aim of this paper is to investigate the association between suicide and Lyme and associated diseases (LAD). No journal article has previously performed a comprehensive assessment of this subject.IntroductionMultiple case reports and other references demonstrate a causal association between suicidal risk and LAD. Suicide risk is greater in outdoor workers and veterans, both with greater LAD exposure. Multiple studies demonstrate many infections and the associated proinflammatory cytokines, inflammatory-mediated metabolic changes, and quinolinic acid and glutamate changes alter neural circuits which increase suicidality. A similar pathophysiology occurs in LAD.MethodA retrospective chart review and epidemiological calculations were performed.ResultsLAD contributed to suicidality, and sometimes homicidality, in individuals who were not suicidal before infection. A higher level of risk to self and others is associated with multiple symptoms developing after acquiring LAD, in particular, explosive anger, intrusive images, sudden mood swings, paranoia, dissociative episodes, hallucinations, disinhibition, panic disorder, rapid cycling bipolar, depersonalization, social anxiety disorder, substance abuse, hypervigilance, generalized anxiety disorder, genital–urinary symptoms, chronic pain, anhedonia, depression, low frustration tolerance, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Negative attitudes about LAD from family, friends, doctors, and the health care system may also contribute to suicide risk. By indirect calculations, it is estimated there are possibly over 1,200 LAD suicides in the US per year.ConclusionSuicidality seen in LAD contributes to causing a significant number of previously unexplained suicides and is associated with immune-mediated and metabolic changes resulting in psychiatric and other symptoms which are possibly intensified by negative attitudes about LAD from others. Some LAD suicides are associated with being overwhelmed by multiple debilitating symptoms, and others are impulsive, bizarre, and unpredictable. Greater understanding and a direct method of acquiring LAD suicide statistics is needed. It is suggested that medical examiners, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and other epidemiological organizations proactively evaluate the association between LAD and suicide.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide and Lyme and associated diseases

Bransfield¹

2017

NDT

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“…6 Bb'nin Ixodes ricinus cinsi kenelerin ısırması ile insan vücuduna girdiği bilinmektedir. Bb dışında farklı patojenleri taşıyan pek çok kene türü bulunmakta, kene türlerinin sıklığı da coğrafik koşullara göre değişmektedir.…”

Section: Sonuçlarunclassified

“…Son dönemlerde yapılan OSB ile ilgili etiyolojik araştırmalarda tanınması güç, kronik ve tekrarlayabilen enfeksiyonlar üzerinde durulmaktadır. 6 Lyme hastalığı tanısı konan hastalarla, OSB hastalarının benzer belirtileri paylaşması OSB'nin tedavi edilmemiş Lyme hastalığı nedeniyle oluşabileceğini düşündür-müştür. İki hastalıkta da konuşma ve iletişim bozukluklarının, yineleyici ve takıntılı davranış-ların, uyku bozukluklarının, sese ve ışığa duyarlılığın bulunduğu, NK hücreleri ve IL-6 düzey-lerinde değişikliklerin saptandığı, temporal ve frontal bölgelerde hipoperfüzyon görüldüğü belirtilmiştir.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified