Diagnosis of Pneumonia With an Electronic Nose: Correlation of Vapor Signature With Chest Computed Tomography Scan Findings

Hockstein, Neil; Thaler, Erica R.; Torigian, Drew A.; Miller, Wallace T.; Deffenderfer, Olivia; Hanson, C. William

doi:10.1097/00005537-200410000-00005

Cited by 94 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Our moderate results in predictive classification of TBPOS and TBNEG sputum samples are similar to previous results with other EN detectors used for infectious diseases, where breath samples instead of the headspace of sputum samples were used to attempt to identify the incidence of lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and pneumonia (2,3,5,6,7,8).…”

supporting

confidence: 86%

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Electronic-Nose Technology Using Sputum Samples in Diagnosis of Patients with Tuberculosis

Kolk

Höelscher

Maboko³

et al. 2010

J Clin Microbiol

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We investigated the potential of two different electronic noses (EN; code named "Rob" and "Walter") to differentiate between sputum headspace samples from tuberculosis (TB) patients and non-TB patients. Only samples from Ziehl-Neelsen stain (ZN)-and Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture-positive (TBPOS) sputum samples and ZN-and culture-negative (TBNEG) samples were used for headspace analysis; with EN Rob, we used 284 samples from TB suspects (56 TBPOS and 228 TBNEG samples), and with EN Walter, we used 323 samples from TB suspects (80 TBPOS and 243 TBNEG samples). The best results were obtained using advanced data extraction and linear discriminant function analysis, resulting in a sensitivity of 68%, a specificity of 69%, and an accuracy of 69% for EN Rob; for EN Walter, the results were 75%, 67%, and 69%, respectively. Further research is still required to improve the sensitivity and specificity by choosing more selective sensors and type of sampling technique.In developing countries, early diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) followed by appropriate treatment will reduce the burden of TB. The current methods for diagnosing TB in developing countries are not satisfactory. The challenge is to develop a simple test with sensitivity at least as good as that of microscopy that can reduce the workload of the laboratory personnel, with results obtained within one working day and that can be applied when patients are in the field. We anticipate the application of new, intelligent diagnostic devices that are accessible by patients or home based for the control of disease.We have investigated the potential of two off-the-shelf electronic-nose (EN) devices (Bloodhound; Scensive Technologies Ltd., United Kingdom), named EN "Rob" and EN "Walter," in an attempt to differentiate between sputum samples from TB patients and non-TB patients in a real-life setting in Tanzania (4).An electronic nose is the colloquial name for an instrument made of an array of chemical sensors combined with some sort of pattern recognition system (1). The function of an EN is to mimic the mammalian olfactory system and produce a unique classification based on the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in the headspace gas being analyzed (10). In this paper, the "standard data extraction" information can be described as the maximum absorption and desorption rates during adsorption and desorption, the maximum response (or divergence), and the integrated area under the response curve; the "advanced data extraction" information is the maximum response between time points in this paper. We used principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant function analysis (LDA), and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLSDA) to analyze the data (9). In this paper, the odors from the headspace above sputum samples from TB patients and non-TB patients have been used. To validate the statistical software model built by the training set, we used the cross-validation, or leave-one-out, method. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy can then be calculated in...

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supporting

confidence: 86%

“…This level of control and the randomization procedure have not been used before in other EN studies as far as we are aware. It would be of interest to know how this would influence the results from other EN reports (3,5,6,7,8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic-Nose Technology Using Sputum Samples in Diagnosis of Patients with Tuberculosis

Kolk

Höelscher

Maboko³

et al. 2010

J Clin Microbiol

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“…Diagnosis is usually based on clinical findings, chest X ray, and isolation and subsequent identification of the pathogen in culture from bronchial secretions. E-nose (Cyranose 320) analysis of exhaled breath has been shown to discriminate between patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia and healthy controls (124). Promising results have also been reported in a prospective study which showed a good correlation between breath analysis and clinical pneumonia scores (125,126).…”

Section: Other Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Clinical Application of Volatile Organic Compound Analysis for Detecting Infectious Diseases

2013

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SUMMARY This review article introduces the significance of testing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in clinical samples and summarizes important features of some of the technologies. Compared to other human diseases such as cancer, studies on VOC analysis in cases of infectious diseases are limited. Here, we have described results of studies which have used some of the appropriate technologies to evaluate VOC biomarkers and biomarker profiles associated with infections. The publications reviewed include important infections of the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, and nasal cavity. The results highlight the use of VOC biomarker profiles resulting from certain infectious diseases in discriminating between infected and healthy subjects. Infection-related VOC profiles measured in exhaled breath as well as from headspaces of feces or urine samples are a source of information with respect to disease detection. The volatiles emitted in clinical matrices may on the one hand represent metabolites of the infecting pathogen or on the other hand reflect pathogen-induced host responses or, indeed, a combination of both. Because exhaled-breath samples are easy to collect and online instruments are commercially available, VOC analysis in exhaled breath appears to be a promising tool for noninvasive detection and monitoring of infectious diseases.

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“…157 (4) Examples for the detection of bacterial and/or fungal respiratory disease are chronic rhinosinusitis 158 and the very promising approach to identify ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients in surgical intensive care units. [159][160][161] (5) The reason for halitosis is sulfur-containing gases of oral bacterium origin, 162 which is normally evaluated by an organoleptic test. Tanaca et al and Nonaka et al presented a clinical assessment of oral malodor by an electronic nose system.…”

Section: Disease Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Nose: Current Status and Future Trends

2008

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Diagnosis of Pneumonia With an Electronic Nose: Correlation of Vapor Signature With Chest Computed Tomography Scan Findings

Abstract: The electronic nose is a new technology that continues to show promise as a potential diagnostic adjunct in the diagnosis of pneumonia and other infectious diseases.

Cited by 94 publications

References 18 publications

Electronic-Nose Technology Using Sputum Samples in Diagnosis of Patients with Tuberculosis

Electronic-Nose Technology Using Sputum Samples in Diagnosis of Patients with Tuberculosis

Clinical Application of Volatile Organic Compound Analysis for Detecting Infectious Diseases

Electronic Nose: Current Status and Future Trends

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