Diagnosis and Management of Endocrine Ophthalmopathy

The T393C Polymorphism of the Gαs Gene (GNAS1) is Associated with the Course of Graves' Disease

“…We are aware, that our patient sample was recruited from a tertiary referral Ophthalmology Clinic, and consequently included a high proportion of severe cases of GD. All GD patients of this series presented with GO (indicating a more severe course of GD) whereas a 25 -50 % prevalence of GO among all patients with GD has been reported [38] . Thus the remission rate of 22.8 % in our series is very low compared to the remission rates of 50 % described in previous studies [29] .…”

The T393C Polymorphism of the Gαs Gene (GNAS1) is Associated with the Course of Graves' Disease

“…We are aware, that our patient sample was recruited from a tertiary referral Ophthalmology Clinic, and consequently included a high proportion of severe cases of GD. All GD patients of this series presented with GO (indicating a more severe course of GD) whereas a 25 -50 % prevalence of GO among all patients with GD has been reported [38] . Thus the remission rate of 22.8 % in our series is very low compared to the remission rates of 50 % described in previous studies [29] .…”

Absent Bell’s phenomenon in patients with thyroid eye disease

“…The following clinical features were investigated: age, sex, thyroid status and systemic treatment, bestcorrected visual acuity (BCVA), color vision, lid swelling, upper and lower eyelid retraction, lid lag, keratopathy, lagophthalmos, exophthalmos with a Hertel exophthalmometer (Oculus; Oculus Optik Geraet, Wetzlar, Germany), diplopia score according to the Gorman, [11] abduction, adduction, elevation, depression, Clinical Activity Score (CAS), [12] and modified NOSPECS classification [13]. Upper eyelid retraction was defined as the upper eyelid at or above the superior limbus in primary position without frontalis muscle contraction, while lower eyelid retraction was position of the lower eyelid below the inferior limbus in primary position [14].…”

Efficacy of Radiotherapy

“…Eine kausale Therapie ist bislang nicht bekannt [145]. Es ist jedoch in vielen Fällen möglich, die Symptome zu behandeln [283,368,387,404,413,453,537,835]. Cortisonpräparate gelten dabei als Mittel der ersten Wahl.…”

The T393C Polymorphism of the Gαs Gene (GNAS1) is Associated with the Course of Graves' Disease

“…We are aware, that our patient sample was recruited from a tertiary referral Ophthalmology Clinic, and consequently included a high proportion of severe cases of GD. All GD patients of this series presented with GO (indicating a more severe course of GD) whereas a 25 -50 % prevalence of GO among all patients with GD has been reported [38] . Thus the remission rate of 22.8 % in our series is very low compared to the remission rates of 50 % described in previous studies [29] .…”

Absent Bell’s phenomenon in patients with thyroid eye disease

“…The following clinical features were investigated: age, sex, thyroid status and systemic treatment, bestcorrected visual acuity (BCVA), color vision, lid swelling, upper and lower eyelid retraction, lid lag, keratopathy, lagophthalmos, exophthalmos with a Hertel exophthalmometer (Oculus; Oculus Optik Geraet, Wetzlar, Germany), diplopia score according to the Gorman, [11] abduction, adduction, elevation, depression, Clinical Activity Score (CAS), [12] and modified NOSPECS classification [13]. Upper eyelid retraction was defined as the upper eyelid at or above the superior limbus in primary position without frontalis muscle contraction, while lower eyelid retraction was position of the lower eyelid below the inferior limbus in primary position [14].…”

Efficacy of Radiotherapy

“…Eine kausale Therapie ist bislang nicht bekannt [145]. Es ist jedoch in vielen Fällen möglich, die Symptome zu behandeln [283,368,387,404,413,453,537,835]. Cortisonpräparate gelten dabei als Mittel der ersten Wahl.…”

The T393C Polymorphism of the Gαs Gene (GNAS1) is Associated with the Course of Graves' Disease

“…We are aware, that our patient sample was recruited from a tertiary referral Ophthalmology Clinic, and consequently included a high proportion of severe cases of GD. All GD patients of this series presented with GO (indicating a more severe course of GD) whereas a 25 -50 % prevalence of GO among all patients with GD has been reported [38] . Thus the remission rate of 22.8 % in our series is very low compared to the remission rates of 50 % described in previous studies [29] .…”

Absent Bell’s phenomenon in patients with thyroid eye disease

“…The following clinical features were investigated: age, sex, thyroid status and systemic treatment, bestcorrected visual acuity (BCVA), color vision, lid swelling, upper and lower eyelid retraction, lid lag, keratopathy, lagophthalmos, exophthalmos with a Hertel exophthalmometer (Oculus; Oculus Optik Geraet, Wetzlar, Germany), diplopia score according to the Gorman, [11] abduction, adduction, elevation, depression, Clinical Activity Score (CAS), [12] and modified NOSPECS classification [13]. Upper eyelid retraction was defined as the upper eyelid at or above the superior limbus in primary position without frontalis muscle contraction, while lower eyelid retraction was position of the lower eyelid below the inferior limbus in primary position [14].…”

Efficacy of Radiotherapy

“…Eine kausale Therapie ist bislang nicht bekannt [145]. Es ist jedoch in vielen Fällen möglich, die Symptome zu behandeln [283,368,387,404,413,453,537,835]. Cortisonpräparate gelten dabei als Mittel der ersten Wahl.…”