Diabetes Prevalence Survey of Pakistan (DPS-PAK): prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes using HbA1c: a population-based survey from Pakistan

Aamir, Azizul Hasan; Haq, Zia Ul; Mahar, Saeed Ahmed; Qureshi, Faisal; Ahmad, Ibrar; Jawa, Ali; Sheikh, Aisha; Rezaianzadeh, Abbas; Fazid, Sheraz; Jadoon, Zahid; Ishtiaq, Osama; Safdar, Nauman; Afridi, Hussain; Heald, Adrian

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025300

Cited by 159 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The prevalence of NAFLD across the world has been reported to be 10-30%, whereas it is estimated to be 15-20% in Asia [2,11]. With a peak in incidences of obesity and diabetes in Pakistan, it is reasonable to assume escalation in the frequency of NAFLD as well [14,15]. However, there is inadequate data on the prevalence of NAFLD in Pakistan, possibly because of its asymptomatic status and lack of screening strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anthropometric Measurements and Lifestyle Characteristics of Individuals with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Tahir

Majid

et al. 2020

Cureus

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Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disorder caused by the deposition of lipids and fats in the hepatocytes, in individuals who consume little or no alcohol, which eventually progresses to cirrhosis and carcinoma. Apart from the known risk factors like obesity, metabolic syndrome (MS), and lack of physical activity (PA), diet also plays a major role in the development of NAFLD. A high body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) have positive associations with NAFLD. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of risk factors of hepatic steatosis in NAFLD population and to raise public awareness about the condition. Method We conducted a cross-sectional study from October to December 2019 with a sample size of 98 subjects determined by using a confidence interval (CI) of 99.9%. Patients presenting to Essa Laboratory, Karachi for abdominal ultrasound (US) were scanned for fatty changes in the liver, after obtaining consent, and were then assessed for risk factors by administering a 20-item questionnaire along with registering their BMI and WC measurement. The collected data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 22 (IBM, Armonk, NY). The independent sample t-test was applied for the exploration of variables and a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Result Our study included 96 participants, of which 49 (51%) were male and 47 (49%) female. Mean BMI in females was slightly greater (30.58) than in males (27.98), whereas WC (in inches) was almost equal in males (40.796) and females (40.383). Among the people that had any comorbidities (n = 60, 62.5%), hypertension (HTN) was the most common one (n = 37, 38.5%) followed by diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 (n = 26, 27.1%). A significant majority (n = 63, 65.5%) never consumed any fruits or vegetables in their meal nor did they perform any sort of physical exercise (n = 46, 47.9%). Conclusion Obesity (high BMI), lack of PA, lower consumption of fruits and vegetables along with a carbohydrate-and fat-rich diet play a vital role in the development of hepatic steatosis. Moreover, HTN and DM, as components of MS, exhibit a significant association with NAFLD. Screening and counseling sessions should be considered for individuals with these Open Access Original Article

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NAFLD shares a strong association with obesity, with a reported prevalence as high as 80% among the obese population and only 16% in individuals with normal BMI (i.e. 18-24 Kg/m 2 ) and no metabolic risk factors [15]. Hence, an increase in BMI is strongly associated with a rise in the prevalence of NAFLD [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropometric Measurements and Lifestyle Characteristics of Individuals with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Tahir

Majid

et al. 2020

Cureus

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“…According to the World Health Organization, the prevalence of diabetes in adults has increased from 4.7% in 1980 to 8.5% in 2014 [1]. The prevalence has been increasing rapidly in developing countries like Pakistan [2]. There is a strong correlation between T2DM and acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and the prevalence rate of ACS in T2DM patients has increased from 18% in 1997 to 22.6% in 2018 [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic Value of Hyperglycemia on Admission on In-hospital Outcomes in Patients Presenting with ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction

Shahid¹,

Hma²,

Ms³

et al. 2020

Cureus

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“…The four main types of NCDs; cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases and cancer, also represent the major source of global morbidity accounting for three out of every four years lived with disability [2]. The global prevalence of NCDs is increasing rapidly, with a particularly acute rise in South Asia [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Depression Care Within NCD Provision in Bangladesh and Pakistan: A Qualitative Study

Wright

Mazumdar

Barua

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Co-morbidity of depression with other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worsens clinical outcomes for both conditions. Low- and middle-income countries need to strengthen mechanisms for detection and management of co-morbid depression within NCDs. The BEACON study explored the acceptability and feasibility of integrating a brief depression intervention (behavioural activation, BA) into NCD services in healthcare facilities in Bangladesh and Pakistan.Methods: Face-to-face qualitative interviews were conducted with 43 patients and 18 health workers attending or working in NCD centres in four healthcare facilities in Bangladesh and Pakistan, and with three policy makers in each country. The interviews addressed four research questions (1) how NCD care is delivered, (2) how NCD patients experience distress, (3) how depression care is integrated within NCD provision, and (4) the challenges and opportunities for integrating a brief depression intervention into usual NCD care. The data were analysed using framework analysis, organised by capability, opportunity and motivation factors, cross-synthesised across countries and participant groups.Results: Patients and health workers described NCD centres as crowded and time pressured, with waiting times as long as five hours, and consultation times as short as five minutes; resulting in some patient frustration. They did not perceive direct links between their distress and their NCD conditions, instead describing worries about family and finance including affordability of NCD services. Health worker and policy maker accounts suggested these NCD centres lacked preparedness for treating depression in the absence of specific guidelines, standard screening tools, recording systems or training. Barriers and drivers to integrating a brief depression intervention reflected capability, opportunity and motivation factors for all participant groups. While generally valuing the purpose, significant challenges included the busy hospital environment, skill deficits and different conceptions of depression.Conclusions: Given current resource constraints and priorities, integrating a brief psychological intervention at these NCD centres appears premature. An opportune first step calls for responding to patients’ expressed concerns on service gaps in provisioning steady and affordable NCD care. Acknowledging differences of conceptions of depression and strengthening psychologically informed NCD care will in turn be required before the introduction of a specific psychological intervention such as BA.

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Diabetes Prevalence Survey of Pakistan (DPS-PAK): prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes using HbA1c: a population-based survey from Pakistan

Cited by 159 publications

References 27 publications

Anthropometric Measurements and Lifestyle Characteristics of Individuals with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Anthropometric Measurements and Lifestyle Characteristics of Individuals with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Prognostic Value of Hyperglycemia on Admission on In-hospital Outcomes in Patients Presenting with ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction

Integrating Depression Care Within NCD Provision in Bangladesh and Pakistan: A Qualitative Study

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