Diabetes, Glucose Control, and 9-Year Cognitive Decline Among Older Adults Without Dementia

Abstract

To determine if prevalent and incident diabetes mellitus (DM) increase risk of cognitive decline and if, among elderly adults with DM, poor glucose control is related to worse cognitive performance.

Effects of Longitudinal Glucose Exposure on Cognitive and Physical Function: Results from the Action for Health in Diabetes Movement and Memory Study

“…Although the AGEs hypothesis may be true, and some data implicate high HbA1c in functional decline, overall results from the current study do not support an independent role of high HbA1c in poorer performance on objective measures of cognitive function. This finding is echoed longitudinally in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, as well as in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes‐Memory Study, in which randomization to intensive glycemic control (HbA1c <6%, 42 mmol/mol) in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus did not improve cognitive function.…”

Effects of Longitudinal Glucose Exposure on Cognitive and Physical Function: Results from the Action for Health in Diabetes Movement and Memory Study

“…Although the AGEs hypothesis may be true, and some data implicate high HbA1c in functional decline, overall results from the current study do not support an independent role of high HbA1c in poorer performance on objective measures of cognitive function. This finding is echoed longitudinally in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, as well as in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes‐Memory Study, in which randomization to intensive glycemic control (HbA1c <6%, 42 mmol/mol) in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus did not improve cognitive function.…”

Multicomponent Exercise Improves Hemodynamic Parameters and Mobility, but Not Maximal Walking Speed, Transfer Capacity, and Executive Function of Older Type II Diabetic Patients

“…Our results are in line with prior cross-sectional and prospective populational studies that reported a decreased executive function in T2DM patients [ 5 – 9 ]. In the study of Qiao et al (2006) [ 6 ], authors observed that T2DM patients presented a poor executive function (overall and in the subdomains [visuospatial, working memory]) and global function scores when compared to patients without T2DM.…”

Does Type 2 Diabetes Increase Rate of Cognitive Decline in Older Mexican Americans?

“…Our finding that new onset diabetes was not associated with rate of cognitive decline is consistent with other recent studies showing that longer diabetes duration is associated with cognitive decline 5,6,8,28,30 . However, several of these studies found that the rate of cognitive decline among individuals who developed diabetes throughout the study fell between that of individuals who remained free of diabetes and those with baseline diabetes in one or more cognitive domain 5,8,30 . It is possible that certain cognitive domains are more sensitive to the effects of the early stages of diabetes, but the present study only measured global cognitive function.…”

Effects of Longitudinal Glucose Exposure on Cognitive and Physical Function: Results from the Action for Health in Diabetes Movement and Memory Study

“…Although the AGEs hypothesis may be true, and some data implicate high HbA1c in functional decline, overall results from the current study do not support an independent role of high HbA1c in poorer performance on objective measures of cognitive function. This finding is echoed longitudinally in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, as well as in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes‐Memory Study, in which randomization to intensive glycemic control (HbA1c <6%, 42 mmol/mol) in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus did not improve cognitive function.…”

Multicomponent Exercise Improves Hemodynamic Parameters and Mobility, but Not Maximal Walking Speed, Transfer Capacity, and Executive Function of Older Type II Diabetic Patients

“…Our results are in line with prior cross-sectional and prospective populational studies that reported a decreased executive function in T2DM patients [ 5 – 9 ]. In the study of Qiao et al (2006) [ 6 ], authors observed that T2DM patients presented a poor executive function (overall and in the subdomains [visuospatial, working memory]) and global function scores when compared to patients without T2DM.…”

Does Type 2 Diabetes Increase Rate of Cognitive Decline in Older Mexican Americans?

“…Our finding that new onset diabetes was not associated with rate of cognitive decline is consistent with other recent studies showing that longer diabetes duration is associated with cognitive decline 5,6,8,28,30 . However, several of these studies found that the rate of cognitive decline among individuals who developed diabetes throughout the study fell between that of individuals who remained free of diabetes and those with baseline diabetes in one or more cognitive domain 5,8,30 . It is possible that certain cognitive domains are more sensitive to the effects of the early stages of diabetes, but the present study only measured global cognitive function.…”

Effects of Longitudinal Glucose Exposure on Cognitive and Physical Function: Results from the Action for Health in Diabetes Movement and Memory Study

“…Although the AGEs hypothesis may be true, and some data implicate high HbA1c in functional decline, overall results from the current study do not support an independent role of high HbA1c in poorer performance on objective measures of cognitive function. This finding is echoed longitudinally in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, as well as in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes‐Memory Study, in which randomization to intensive glycemic control (HbA1c <6%, 42 mmol/mol) in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus did not improve cognitive function.…”

Multicomponent Exercise Improves Hemodynamic Parameters and Mobility, but Not Maximal Walking Speed, Transfer Capacity, and Executive Function of Older Type II Diabetic Patients

“…Our results are in line with prior cross-sectional and prospective populational studies that reported a decreased executive function in T2DM patients [ 5 – 9 ]. In the study of Qiao et al (2006) [ 6 ], authors observed that T2DM patients presented a poor executive function (overall and in the subdomains [visuospatial, working memory]) and global function scores when compared to patients without T2DM.…”

Does Type 2 Diabetes Increase Rate of Cognitive Decline in Older Mexican Americans?

“…Our finding that new onset diabetes was not associated with rate of cognitive decline is consistent with other recent studies showing that longer diabetes duration is associated with cognitive decline 5,6,8,28,30 . However, several of these studies found that the rate of cognitive decline among individuals who developed diabetes throughout the study fell between that of individuals who remained free of diabetes and those with baseline diabetes in one or more cognitive domain 5,8,30 . It is possible that certain cognitive domains are more sensitive to the effects of the early stages of diabetes, but the present study only measured global cognitive function.…”