Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes among Adults in an Urban Slum in South East Nigeria

Ezeala-Adikaibe, Birinus; Mbadiwe, N; Okwara, Celestine; Onodugo, Obinna; Onyekonwu, Chinwe; Ijoma, Uchenna; Ekenze, Oluchi; Orjioke, Casmir; Chime, Peter Ekpunobi; Aneke, E; Nwatu, Chidimma Brenda; Young, Ekenechukwu; Anyim, Obumneme

doi:10.4236/jdm.2018.84013

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Diabetes is a common non-communicable disorder in South East Nigeria with a current prevalence as high as 11% [1]. Diabetes in the country presents a rising public health challenge [2] [3] [4] and many cases are probably undetected [1] [2] [3]. Poor glycemic control is a risk factor for both micro and macro vascular complications of diabetes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycemic Control among Medical Outpatients in Enugu: A Cross Sectional Survey

Onodugo¹,

Ezeala-Adikaibe²,

Anyim³

et al. 2019

JDM

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Background: Diabetes in Nigeria presents a rising public health challenge and many cases are probably undetected. Poor glycemic control is a risk factor to both micro and macro vascular complications of diabetes and a major factor in the burden of the disease world-wide. The aim of the present study was to determine the pattern of glycemic control among adult diabetes patients attending a medical outpatient clinic in Enugu. Methods: Using a semi-structured questionnaire, we conducted a cross sectional descriptive study of patients with diabetes attending the medical out-patient clinic of one of the tertiary Hospitals in Enugu, Nigeria. Good glycemic control was defined as fasting blood glucose of less than 100 mg/dl. Study duration was 6 months. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS software. Results: A total of 119 participants were recruited for the study: 74 (62.2%) females and 45 males (37.8%) with a mean age of 62.2 (11.7) years. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 138.4 (24.3) mmHg and 81.2 (12.9) mmHg respectively. Eight (6.7%) had a documented history of diabetes-related coma in the past. The mean fasting blood glucose was 127.9 (22.4) mg/dl. Good, fair and poor glycemic control was achieved in 16.8%, 30.3% and 63% (52.9%) respectively. Correlation statistics showed that low level of adherence and abstaining from alcohol/tobacco are correlated with poor glycemic control. Conclusion: Majority (52.9%) of patients with diabetes attending a tertiary health center in Enugu, Nigeria has poor glycemic control status. Medication adherence and substance use are correlated with poor control.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycemic Control among Medical Outpatients in Enugu: A Cross Sectional Survey

Onodugo¹,

Ezeala-Adikaibe²,

Anyim³

et al. 2019

JDM

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“…Early studies by Osuntokun et al [12] [13] found a community prevalence of 58 -400/100,000, a crude annual mortality rate of about 700/100,000 per year and age specific mortality in the elderly of about 100/100,000 per year while more recent studies have reported higher rates [17] [18]. The increasing prevalence of stroke is clearly related to increasing rates of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders which were rare in the early and middle decades of the last century [20] [21] [22] [28] [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These substances were not significant risk for stroke in the index study probably because we surveyed the rates of current use rate than lifetime use of these substances. The prevalences of hypertension and diabetes in the index communities have been previously documented [21] [22]. The overlapping impact of low socio-economic status and these factors may contribute to high rates of stroke severity and mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hospital-based studies in Nigeria show that stroke accounts for 64.9% -77.6% of neurological admissions [1] [2] [3] [4] [9]. This rising prevalence of stroke in Nigeria also reflects the high prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, HIV/AIDS and other risk factors for stroke in the community [19] [20] [21] [22]. The relationship between stroke, (major risk factors for stroke) and socioeconomic status has been documented [23] [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Prevalence of Stroke Survivors in Urban Slums in Enugu, Nigeria

Ekenze¹,

Adikaibe²,

Obinna³

et al. 2019

OJPM

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Background: Stroke is one of the commonest non-communicable diseases and the commonest cause of death in adult neurology wards. Stroke prevalence in sub Saharan Africa has dramatically increased over the past decades possibly due to changing life styles, poverty, poor health infrastructures which had led to increased risk factors for stroke. Poor nutrition and lack of access to standard medical care, predispose to high rates of stroke morbidity and mortality hence possible low prevalence. Little is known about the prevalence of stroke in people with low socio-economic status in Nigeria. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of stroke in two urban slums in south east Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive study carried out in two slums in Enugu, South East Nigeria. Participants were screened using a stroke specific questionnaire and further examined by two independent neurologists for evidence of focal neurological deficits. Analysis was done by SPSS version 22. Results: A total of 1440 participants were surveyed in the study; 769 (53.4) females and 671 (46.6%) males. About 22.3% (321) screened positive for various neurological diseases out of which 17 (5.3%) had evidence for stroke giving an overall prevalence of 1.2% (males 9 (1.3%) vs females 8 (1%) p = 0.6). The mean age of stroke survivors was 60.1 years, similar in males and females (p = 0.6). The odds ratio for stroke from 40 years showed progress increment doubling between 60 and 70 years and tripled between 40 and 70 years. Age, lower level of education, positive history of hypertension, sickle How to cite this paper: Ekenze, O.

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“…Full description of the study protocol had been documented previously [25]. The inhabitants were surveyed over a 4-week period (August 12-September 9, 2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Asymptomatic Proteinuria in Adult Nigerians. A Community-Based Study

Onodugo¹,

Ezeala-Adikaibe²,

Orjioke³

et al. 2019

Health

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Introduction: Early detection of proteinuria is early detection is a cost-effective method of assessing individuals with and without risk factors for chronic renal disease. Proteinuria is common in adults and may present a clinical challenge in the absence of obvious renal disease or risk factors especially in the tropics. Few studies in Nigeria have assessed the prevalence of proteinuria in adults using the dipstick method. The aim of this study was to document the prevalence of proteinuria among residents of a community in Enugu, south east Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in an isolated urban slum settlement in Enugu, south east Nigeria. Dipstick testing of freshly voided early morning mid-stream urine samples was done to detect proteinuria. For database management and statistical analyses, SPSS version 23 was used. Results: A total of 262 individuals were recruited for the study, 165 (63%) females and 97 (37%) males. The participants' age ranged from 18 to 90 years, averaging 43.7 ± 15.5. Trace amounts of protein were detected in urine samples of 225 (85.9%) individuals. Significant proteinuria was detected in 3.8% of the participants and was significantly higher 40 -49-year-olds (6%). p = 0.02 and 0.02 respectively. Significant correlates of proteinuria were lower diastolic blood pressure and current tobacco use. Lower body mass index weakly correlated with proteinuria. Conclusion: The prevalence of significant early morning proteinuria in a community-based study in Enugu was 3.8%. Significant correlates of proteinuria included low diastolic blood pressure and tobacco use. Community How to cite this paper: Onodugo, O.,

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Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes among Adults in an Urban Slum in South East Nigeria

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Glycemic Control among Medical Outpatients in Enugu: A Cross Sectional Survey

Glycemic Control among Medical Outpatients in Enugu: A Cross Sectional Survey

The Prevalence of Stroke Survivors in Urban Slums in Enugu, Nigeria

Factors Associated with Asymptomatic Proteinuria in Adult Nigerians. A Community-Based Study

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