Dharavi Slums (Mumbai, India): The Petri Dish of COVID-19 Herd Immunity

Shervani, Zameer; Bhardwaj, Deepali; Nikhat, Roma

doi:10.24018/ejmed.2021.3.3.860

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…To understand herd immunity, a study was conducted to correlate the seroprevalence and the infection rate in the slums, which showed high seropositivity in the slums of Dharavi. [ 20 ] The present study also showed higher seropositivity in urban areas, as in previous serosurveys conducted during August 2020 when there was a partial lockdown across Karnataka. [ 21 ]…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Assessing the Burden of COVID-19 among Children Aged 6-14 Years in Karnataka, India: A Cross-sectional Survey

Rajagopal,

Sil,

Dinesh

et al. 2024

Indian Journal of Community Medicine

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Background: India experienced three coronavirus disease (COVID-19) waves, with the third attributed to the highly contagious Omicron variant. Before the national vaccination rollout for children above 6, understanding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) positivity in the pediatric population was essential. This study aims to assess the burden of Covid-19 infection and to estimate the seroprevalence in children aged 6 to 14 years in the state of Karnataka. Material and Methods: We surveyed 5,358 children aged 6-14 across Karnataka using 232 health facilities, from June 6 to 14, 2022. We determined the sample size using the PPS (Population Proportional to Size) technique and employed cluster sampling. We tested all participants for SARS-CoV-2 IgG with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and SARS-CoV-2 RNA with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We sequenced samples with a cycle threshold (CT) value below 25 using whole genomic sequencing (WGS). Result: We found an adjusted seroprevalence of IgG at 75.38% statewide, and we found 0.04% of children RT-PCR positive for COVID-19. We determined a case-to-infection ratio of 1:37 and identified the SARS-CoV-2 strains as Omicron, BA.5, and BA.2.10. Conclusion: The study showed a high seroprevalence of IgG among children with low active infection. Omicron, BA. 5, and BA. 2.10 variants were detected through WGS.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Assessing the Burden of COVID-19 among Children Aged 6-14 Years in Karnataka, India: A Cross-sectional Survey

Rajagopal,

Sil,

Dinesh

et al. 2024

Indian Journal of Community Medicine

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“…The high infection rate in the state of Kerala compared to the other states of India was explained by the newly established "health index theory" [15], [16]. The absence of a second COVID-19 wave in Dharavi slums (Mumbai, India) was [17] due to the development of mass immunity, 75% of residents had antibodies, against the virus. The viability of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and sanitization methods [18], initial attempts at vaccine development [19], and the application of supercomputer in prevention of infection and treatment [20] were reviewed in the articles mentioned.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Pathogenicity of Omicron Varian

Shervani¹,

Jamal

Qazi

et al. 2022

EJMED

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The surge of the Omicron variant has been studied in overall India, Delhi and Mumbai. The increase in the percentage share of the Omicron strain in total registered cases resulted in a surge of daily new infections. The pathogenicity of Original, Delta, and Omicron variants has been compared using the data collected at the Max Healthcare network in India. The Omicron wave was the least severe of all three waves. The third Omicron wave did not cause much damage due to hybrid immunity generated in the population as a result of vaccination and previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. The low pathogenic nature of the Omicron virus is also the reason for the less severe illnesses the variant caused. Hospitalization during the Omicron wave was just 10% of the Delta wave. The percentage of patients who needed oxygen support was the least during the Omicron wave (23.4%) followed by the Original (63%) and the Delta variant (74%). The less severe nature of the Omicron wave gave the hope of recovering from the deadly devastating COVID-19 pandemic. The symptoms of “long COVID” patients have been compared during all three waves. Nearly the same number of the patients at 5.3% and 5.16% had health issues during Original and Omicron waves, respectively whereas during the Delta surge 5.9% of patients with “long COVID” had symptoms.

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“…The high infection rate in the state of Kerala (India) compared to the other states was explained by the newly established "health index theory" [16], [17]. The absence of the second and third COVID-19 waves in Dharavi slums (Mumbai, India) was explained [18] to be due to the mass immunity (75%) developed among the residents against the virus. The stability of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and sanitization methods [19], initial attempts at vaccine development [20], and the use of supercomputer in preventing the virus spread [21] were reviewed in the articles mentioned.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

4th Serosurvey of Tamil Nadu: Infection and Vaccine Generated Hybrid Immunity

Shervani¹,

Nikhat²,

Hasan³

et al. 2023

EJMED

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Salient findings of the fourth serological survey of SARS-CoV-2 infections conducted among the age cohort above 10 years in Tamil Nadu (India) have been described. The overall seroprevalence of 87% was reported in the survey done in December 2021, whereas in the first, second, and third surveys, the seropositivity was 32%, 29%, and 70%, respectively. The % share of the antibodies formed due to vaccination in the third and fourth surveys have the contributions of 6.2% and 28.3%, respectively as per the vaccination record of the state since the above given proportion of the state’s population (full population) was fully vaccinated (two-dose) by the time the two surveys were conducted. Age-wise break up of seropositivity of the fourth survey showed that the cohort of 10-18 years had the least (68.4%) seroprevalence and adults above 60 had the highest at 84.5%. The rate of the spread of the virus decreased due to the hybrid immunity developed by infection and vaccination. Using the vaccination and serological data, the % enhancement of the antibodies formed due to vaccination has been worked out in the real world on the ground.

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Dharavi Slums (Mumbai, India): The Petri Dish of COVID-19 Herd Immunity

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Assessing the Burden of COVID-19 among Children Aged 6-14 Years in Karnataka, India: A Cross-sectional Survey

Assessing the Burden of COVID-19 among Children Aged 6-14 Years in Karnataka, India: A Cross-sectional Survey

Prevalence and Pathogenicity of Omicron Varian

4th Serosurvey of Tamil Nadu: Infection and Vaccine Generated Hybrid Immunity

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