Developments in the production of platelets from stem cells (Review)

Abstract

Platelets are small pieces of cytoplasm that have become detached from the cytoplasm of mature megakaryocytes (MKs) in the bone marrow. Platelets modulate vascular system integrity and serve important role, particularly in hemostasis. With the rapid development of clinical medicine, the demand for platelet transfusion as a life-saving intervention increases continuously. Stem cell technology appears to be highly promising for transfusion medicine, and the generation of platelets from stem cells would be of great value in the clinical setting. Furthermore, several studies have been undertaken to investigate the potential of producing platelets from stem cells. Initial success has been achieved in terms of the yields and function of platelets generated from stem cells. However, the requirements of clinical practice remain unmet. The aim of the present review was to focus on several sources of stem cells and factors that induce MK differentiation. Updated information on current research into the genetic regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet generation was summarized. Additionally, advanced strategies of platelet generation were reviewed and the progress made in this field was discussed.

Ectopic Expression of FVIII in HPCs and MSCs Derived from hiPSCs with Site-Specific Integration of ITGA2B Promoter-Driven BDDF8 Gene in Hemophilia A

“…In addition to aiming at obtaining platelets through HPCs differentiation, we tried to explore some alternative approaches [ 28 , 29 ]. Megakaryocytogenesis and platelet formation are the result of the interaction between HPCs, humoral factors, and bone marrow MSCs in a physiological environment.…”

Application and investigation of thrombopoiesis-stimulating agents in the treatment of thrombocytopenia

“…GATA binding protein 1 (GATA1), friend leukemia virus integration 1 (Fli-1), runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), and Rap1 GTPases activator C3G play a role in regulating megakaryopoiesis. 4 C-myb (MYB), which adjusts and balances the development of MKs and GATA-1, and Tribbles Pseudokinase 3 gene (TRIB3) are negative modulators of megakaryopoiesis. 5 Thrombopoietin (THPO) is the primary regulating cytokine in thrombopoiesis.…”

Single-cell analysis of megakaryopoiesis in peripheral CD34+ cells: insights into ETV6-related thrombocytopenia

“…In vitro platelet production may represent an alternative to at least partially compensate for the increasing demand for platelet concentrates. Many investigators have attempted to increase platelet production in vitro by modifying culture media components [1][2][3][4] . An ex-vivo serum-free liquid culture system has also been used to expand normal human megakaryoblasts from purified peripheral-derived CD34 + cells to characterize acquired or inherited thrombocytopenia (IT) and evaluate defects in MK differentiation, maturation and proplatelet formation 5,6 .…”