Developmental coupling of cerebral blood flow and fMRI fluctuations in youth

Voxel‐wise intermodal coupling analysis of two or more modalities using local covariance decomposition

“…This suggests that in neurodevelopment, there is change in not only blood flow, resting state fluctuations, and local connectivity individually, but also in the strength of interaction among these features. These findings are consistent with and fortify the literature demonstrating the importance of frontoparietal and default networks as regions for change in neurodevelopment (Baller et al, 2022;Chai et al, 2017;Fair et al, 2008;Lin et al, 2019). Outside of neurodevelopment, our findings are consistent with previous work showing that coupling between CBF and functional connectivity strength is stronger in frontoparietal and default networks than regions outside these networks (Tak et al, 2015).…”

“…In the cortex, the rarity of coupling-sex associations suggests that this coupling may not play a role in explaining cortical sex-based differences or that this relationship is more complex than our analyses could uncover. These cortical findings are of interest when compared to previous work showing a high proportion of the cortex had significant associations between sex and CBF-ALFF coupling (Baller et al, 2022). Together, these studies demonstrate that three-modality coupling identifies unique relationships when compared to two-modality coupling.…”

“…On the sub-regional local scale, studies from our group on coupling between cortical thickness and sulcal depth have suggested the cortical sheet is generally thinner in sulcal locations than in gyral locations and that this relationship was more spatially heterogeneous than previously described (Vandekar et al, 2016). A separate study exploring local IMCo between CBF and resting-state amplitude of lowfrequency fluctuations (ALFF) showed that age-related declines in this measure of neurovascular coupling were most pronounced during mid-adolescence and were enriched in the dorsal attention network (Baller et al, 2022). There were also differences in CBF-ALFF coupling between males and females which were enriched in the frontoparietal network.…”

“…Neurovascular coupling measured by CBF and ALFF has been previously thought of as a measure of the process by which neuronal activity induces changes in local vasculature to support nutrient demands (Armstead, 2016;Presa et al, 2020). This neurovascular coupling has been shown to evolve over neurodevelopment as well as in disease (Baller et al, 2022;Girouard & Iadecola, 2006;Hu et al, 2019;Jin et al, 2020). Here, we extend this concept of neurovascular coupling and use CBF-ALFF-ReHo coupling to explore not only the relationship between neuronal activity and blood flow, but also how this relationship is attenuated or enhanced by the additional consideration of the degree of local neuronal activity coordination.…”

“…There is increased availability of multi-modality neuroimaging data on individual subjects, with each modality containing unique information about brain structure or function. Such data allow us to explore patterns in individual modalities as well as patterns in the relationships between modalities, which we call intermodal coupling (IMCo), at global, regional, or local resolutions (Baller et al, 2022;Gu et al, 2021;Honey et al, 2009;Shokri-Kojori et al, 2019;Tak et al, 2015;Uddin, 2013;Valcarcel, Linn, Khalid, et al, 2018a;Valcarcel, Linn, Vandekar, et al, 2018b;Vandekar et al, 2016). The progress made by these IMCo studies have transformed our understanding of the brain, and it suggests that advancements in the methodology for studying IMCo have the potential to further enable such insights.…”