1996
DOI: 10.1177/0022022196272003
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Abstract: A combined "emic-etic" approach was adopted to develop an indigenous omnibus personality inventory for the Chinese people. The Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory (CPAI) consists of constructs selected specifically in consideration of the Chinese culture as well as scales covering personality constructs commonly found in English-language psychological tests. Preliminary results confirmed the robust structure of the scales related to Chinese tradition among random samples of subjects in the People's Republ… Show more

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Cited by 407 publications
(345 citation statements)
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“…Facework is communication designed to counteract face threats to self and others (Goffman, 1967), which was found to play significant roles in Chinese interpersonal communication (Gao, 1998). Several measures were developed to assess the constructs of face and facework (Cheung et al, 1996;Ting-Toomey et al, 1991;Ting-Toomey & Oetzel, 2001). In the Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory (CPAI; Cheung et al, 1996), a saving self-face scale was developed with 11 items, which depict the pattern of orientations in an interpersonal and hierarchical connection and social behaviors to enhance one's face and to avoid losing one's face (Cheung et al, 2001).…”
Section: Face and Faceworkmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Facework is communication designed to counteract face threats to self and others (Goffman, 1967), which was found to play significant roles in Chinese interpersonal communication (Gao, 1998). Several measures were developed to assess the constructs of face and facework (Cheung et al, 1996;Ting-Toomey et al, 1991;Ting-Toomey & Oetzel, 2001). In the Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory (CPAI; Cheung et al, 1996), a saving self-face scale was developed with 11 items, which depict the pattern of orientations in an interpersonal and hierarchical connection and social behaviors to enhance one's face and to avoid losing one's face (Cheung et al, 2001).…”
Section: Face and Faceworkmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Several measures were developed to assess the constructs of face and facework (Cheung et al, 1996;Ting-Toomey et al, 1991;Ting-Toomey & Oetzel, 2001). In the Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory (CPAI; Cheung et al, 1996), a saving self-face scale was developed with 11 items, which depict the pattern of orientations in an interpersonal and hierarchical connection and social behaviors to enhance one's face and to avoid losing one's face (Cheung et al, 2001). Extending Cheung et al's (1996) work, Fu (2004 developed a saving other-face subscale with 7 items to assess one's tendency to show concerns for the other person's stance, poise, pride, and face.…”
Section: Face and Faceworkmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…He is regarded as a thought leader in many areas of crosscultural, social, and organizational psychology, including distributive justice (Leung & Park,1986), conflict resolution and negotiation (Leung, 1987), harmony maintenance (Leung, Koch, & Lu, 2002), pan-cultural structures of human values and beliefs (Leung & Bond, 2004), Chinese personality (Cheung, Leung, Fan, Song, Zhang, & Zhang, 1996), and creativity (Morris & Leung, 2010).…”
Section: Kwok Leung Scholarship Legacymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Call for Papers pan-cultural structures of human values and beliefs (Leung & Bond, 2004), Chinese personality (Cheung, Leung, Fan, Song, Zhang, & Zhang, 1996), and creativity (Morris & Leung, 2010).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%