Development of Refractive Error in Individual Children With Regressed Retinopathy of Prematurity

Wang, Jingyun; Ren, Xiaowei; Shen, Li; Yanni, Susan E.; Leffler, Joel N.; Birch, Eileen E.

doi:10.1167/iovs.13-11765

Cited by 62 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Anisometropia and strabismus are the predominant risk factors for the development of amblyopia in children following laser ablation for severe ROP (28)(29)(30) . The present study demonstrated significantly higher rates of refractive anisometropia and strabismus following laser treatment compared to IVB monotherapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of 2-year outcomes following intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) for aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity

Günay¹,

Çelik²,

Günay³

et al. 2015

Arquivos Brasileiros De Oftalmologia

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Approved by the following research ethics committee: Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Disease Training and Research Hospital. ABSTRACTPurpose: To evaluate 2-year outcomes following intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) as monotherapy for aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (APROP). Methods: Medical records of 40 infants were retrospectively reviewed. Group I included infants who had received IVB injections for APROP. Group II included infants who underwent laser treatment for APROP. Anatomic and refractive outcomes and the presence of anisometropia and strabismus were assessed at follow-up examinations. Results: Group I included 48 eyes of 25 infants (11 males) with a mean gestational age (GA) of 26.40 ± 1.82 weeks and a mean birth weight (BW) of 901.40 ± 304.60 g. Group II included 30 eyes of 15 infants (6 males) with a mean GA of 27.30 ± 1.82 weeks and a mean BW of 941.00 ± 282.48 g. GA, BW, and gender distributions were similar between groups (P=0.187, P=0.685, and P=1.000, respectively). Refractive errors were significantly less myopic in group I (0.42 ± 3.42 D) than in group II (-6.66 ± 4.96 D) at 2 years (P=0.001). Significantly higher rates of anisometropia and strabismus were observed in group II than in group I (P=0.009 and P=0.036, respectively). Conclusions:The study demonstrated that IVB monotherapy can be useful in the treatment of APROP. The decreased incidence of early unfavorable refractive and functional outcomes in the IVB group compared with the laser group showed a potential benefit for patients treated with IVB, and this needs to be better evaluated in future prospective studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of 2-year outcomes following intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) for aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity

Günay¹,

Çelik²,

Günay³

et al. 2015

Arquivos Brasileiros De Oftalmologia

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“…Children with laser-treated severe ROP exhibited the highest prevalence of myopia. Wang et al [23] conducted a similar longitudinal prospective study and found that the prevalence, magnitude, and rate of myopic progression were significantly higher in the severe ROP group treated by laser than in the moderate/no ROP group. Eyes in the severe ROP group progressed rapidly toward myopia, particularly during the first 1.3 years [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wang et al [23] conducted a similar longitudinal prospective study and found that the prevalence, magnitude, and rate of myopic progression were significantly higher in the severe ROP group treated by laser than in the moderate/no ROP group. Eyes in the severe ROP group progressed rapidly toward myopia, particularly during the first 1.3 years [23]. In the present study, it was also found that severe ROP eyes which received treatment developed myopia more frequently than eyes without ROP or with spontaneously regressed ROP at the age of 3 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown that myopia of prematurity that develops secondary to arrested development of the anterior segment significantly influences the anatomy of optical components, including the development of a steeper corneal curvature, shallower anterior chamber, and thicker lens [14,23,24,25,26]. Most studies have confirmed that ROP severity is a major factor contributing to the refractive error, and cryotherapy was found to induce myopia more frequently than laser photocoagulation in treated threshold ROP eyes [15,16,17,26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Refractive Error in Patients with Retinopathy of Prematurity after Laser Photocoagulation or Bevacizumab Monotherapy

Kuo

Sun²,

Chung³

et al. 2015

Ophthalmologica

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Purpose: To evaluate the refractive development of premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) after treatment with laser photocoagulation or intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (IVB). Methods: The medical records of patients with ROP treated between 2003 and 2012 who underwent yearly follow-ups were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with residual ROP abnormalities were excluded. The cycloplegic refraction at 3 years of age, assessed using an autorefractometer, was recorded. Results: In total, 54 eyes from 54 patients were enrolled. Patients were divided into 4 groups: group 1, including 14 eyes of 14 patients treated with laser therapy; group 2, 15 eyes of 15 patients treated with IVB; group 3, 13 eyes of 13 patients with non-type 1 ROP under conservative follow-up, and group 4, 12 eyes of 12 premature patients without ROP. The mean spherical equivalent at 3 years of age was -1.71 ± 1.27 dpt in group 1, -1.53 ± 2.20 dpt in group 2, 0.63 ± 1.37 dpt in group 3, and 0.41 ± 1.95 dpt in group 4. The mean refractive error differed significantly among the 4 groups (p < 0.001). Patients in groups 1 and 2 were more prone to myopia compared with those in groups 3 and 4. Furthermore, patients with type 1 ROP treated by laser photocoagulation (group 1) and those treated by IVB (group 2) had similar refraction (p = 1). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that treatment-demanding ROP eyes are susceptible to more severe myopia with age compared with eyes without ROP or those with spontaneously regressed ROP. In addition, the myopic status between laser and IVB treatment did not differ statistically.

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“…Few studies in the literature have reported the prevalence of refractive errors and strabismus in preterm infants at different stages of growth 10,11. In particular, several authors described the impact of myopia and its association with prematurity 12,13.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular alignment and refraction in preterm children at 1 and 6 years old

Oum¹,

Donati²,

Cerri³

et al. 2014

OPTH

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PurposeTo investigate cycloplegic refraction and ocular alignment in a population of preterm children at 1 and 6 years old.Patients and methodsWe included 261 preterm infants with a birth weight ≤1,500 g and a gestational age ≤32 weeks; there were 217 preterm infants (group 1), 28 preterm infants with mild retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (group 2), and 16 preterm infants affected by severe ROP (group 3). Each patient underwent retinoscopy, ocular alignment assessment, and fundus examination at 1 and 6 years old.ResultsThe prevalence of refractive errors and ocular alignment abnormalities at 1 year old in groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1 were, respectively (P<0.05): myopia 18% and 40.6% versus 6.9%; hyperopia 28.6% and 22% versus 39.2%; astigmatism 53.4% and 37.4% versus 53.9%; and strabismus 12.5% and 38% versus 5.3%. At 6 years old, they were, respectively (P<0.05): myopia 10.8% and 28.4% versus 7.4%; hyperopia 48.3% and 40.5% versus 62%; astigmatism 40.9% and 31.1% versus 30.6%; and strabismus 25% and 56.25% versus 11.5%.ConclusionAt 6 years old, we observed increased rates of both hyperopia and strabismus in all groups compared to 1-year-old children. In preterm children with mild and severe ROP, we recorded increased rates of myopia and strabismus versus preterm children without ROP, and the risk of developing these disorders increased significantly with ROP severity. Astigmatism at 1 year old is not predictive of further development during growth. Patients born prematurely should be informed of the possible risks of ocular alterations due to refractive and ocular component changes.

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Development of Refractive Error in Individual Children With Regressed Retinopathy of Prematurity

Cited by 62 publications

References 43 publications

Evaluation of 2-year outcomes following intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) for aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity

Evaluation of 2-year outcomes following intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) for aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity

Refractive Error in Patients with Retinopathy of Prematurity after Laser Photocoagulation or Bevacizumab Monotherapy

Ocular alignment and refraction in preterm children at 1 and 6 years old

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