Development of obesity from childhood to adolescents

Majcher, Anna; Czerwonogrodzka–Senczyna, Aneta; Kądziela, Katarzyna; Rumińska, Małgorzata; Pyrżak, Beata

doi:10.5114/pedm.2021.105297

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The commencement of school education, accompanied by a lifestyle change, increases the risk for posture defects and abnormal body mass [ 1 , 2 ]. Many researchers point out that one in five children aged 7–10 has excess body mass, which may result from the prenatal stage and from the lifestyle during preschool years [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Incidence of Body Posture Abnormalities in Relation to the Segmental Body Composition in Early School-Aged Children

Ziętek

Machniak

Wójtowicz

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Children are exposed to multiple factors that contribute to an increase in body mass and the development of posture defects. The aim of the study is to assess the relationship between the segmental distribution of fat mass and muscle mass and the incidence of body posture abnormalities in early school-aged children. A total of 190 children aged 7–9 were included in the research project. The examined children were divided according to age (class level) into three groups. Height, weight and body composition, BMI, and body posture were determined. Thoracic and lumbar spine abnormalities occurred most frequently in the examined children (7–95%, 8–92%, 9–89.5%). During the assessment of the segmental body composition, the lowest fat–fat-free index was found in the trunk. The number of abnormalities of the cervical spine, pelvis, and lower extremities increases with age. The number of abnormalities of the thoracic and lumbar spine, as well as of upper extremities and the pectoral girdle decreases with age. Body posture abnormalities are correlated with body composition and in particular with the fat mass percentage. The segmental body com-position analyzer can be used to screen for posture defects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Incidence of Body Posture Abnormalities in Relation to the Segmental Body Composition in Early School-Aged Children

Ziętek

Machniak

Wójtowicz

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…In recent decades obesity has become a global epidemic ( 1 ). This is also an increasing problem in younger and younger patients ( 2 ), leading to pathological changes. In the light of recent data, adipose tissue (AT) has been considered as an active organ involved in numerous immunological, hormonal and metabolic processes ( 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of Peripheral Th17 Cells Subset in Overweight and Obese Children After Body Weight Reduction

et al. 2022

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BackgroundObesity has been a growing problem in young patients leading to serious metabolic complications. There are many studies supporting the idea, that obesity should be considered as a chronic inflammation closely associated with immune system alterations. Th17 subpopulation is strongly involved in this process. The aim of our study was to evaluate circulating Th17 cells in overweight and obese children and explore the relationships between Th17 subset and metabolic parameters.MethodsWe evaluated peripheral Th17 cells in fresh peripheral blood samples from 27 overweight and obese and 15 normal-weight children. Th17 cells were identified by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibody and intracellular IL-17A staining. Th17 cells were defined as CD3+CD4+CD196+IL-17Aic+. The analysis involved anthropometric and metabolic parameters measured at baseline and three months after the change of lifestyle and diet. We evaluated the relationship between metabolic parameters and Th17 cells.ResultsIn overweight and obese children we found significantly higher Th17 cells percentage compared to normal weight controls (median 0.097% (0.044 - 0.289) vs 0.041% (0.023 - 0.099), p = 0.048). The percentage of Th17 cells decreased statistically significantly in children who reduced weight after the intervention (0.210% (0.143 - 0.315) vs 0.039% (0.028 - 0.106), p = 0.004). In this group we also noticed statistically significant reduction of TC and LDL-C concentration (p = 0.01, p = 0.04, respectively).ConclusionsObesity in children is associated with increased percentage of peripheral Th17 cells. Weight reduction leads to significant decrease of circulating Th17 cells and improvement of lipid parameters. This significant reduction of proinflammatory Th17 cells is a promising finding suggesting that obesity-induced inflammation in children could be relatively easily reversible.

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“…Many studies have documented the adverse effects of obesity on the development of children and adolescents. Obesity causes numerous medical, psychological, and social complications [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Less is known about the relationship between obesity and hydration status in children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Severity of Obesity Promotes Greater Dehydration in Children: Preliminary Results

et al. 2022

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The state of hydration of the body depends on the balance between the amount of water and salt consumed and excreted (the urinary extraction of excess sodium requires water). Inappropriate nutrition, particularly consuming too much processed food, causes obesity in children and additionally causes excessive sodium consumption, thus increasing the risk of excessive water loss. The aim of this study was to assess the hydration status of children with obesity and the relation between hydration, body composition, urinary sodium extraction, and nutrient intake. The study group consisted of 27 patients with obesity, with a mean age of 12.89 ± SD 2.79. Each patient’s height, weight, body composition (electrical bioimpedance (BIA)), diet (7-day record), and biochemical tests were assessed. The hydration status was assessed using 24-hour urine collection, 24-hour urine osmolality, and an ultrasound of the vena cava (IVC/Ao index). Overall, 55% of children (n = 15) had urine osmolality values above 800 mOsm/kgH2O, which indicates significant dehydration, and 53% (n = 14) were dehydrated, based on the IVC/Ao index. Children with obesity and dehydration had a significantly higher BMI (31.79 vs. 27.32; p = 0.0228), fat mass percentage (37.23% vs. 30.07% p = 0.0051), and fat mass in kg (30.89 vs. 20.55; p = 0.0158), and significantly higher sodium intake from their diet (3390.0 mg vs. 2921.0 mg; p = 0.0230), as well as their sodium/potassium ratio (2.4 vs. 2.0; p = 0.0043). The 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and osmolality values were directly related to fat-mass percentage and fat-mass (in kg) in a simple linear correlation analysis. Our preliminary results confirm that obesity is related to dehydration. The overall high sodium excretion in children with obesity indicates an excessive salt intake along with low potassium intake, which is a significant predictor of dehydration, regardless of the total water intake (TWI).

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Development of obesity from childhood to adolescents

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

The Incidence of Body Posture Abnormalities in Relation to the Segmental Body Composition in Early School-Aged Children

The Incidence of Body Posture Abnormalities in Relation to the Segmental Body Composition in Early School-Aged Children

Changes of Peripheral Th17 Cells Subset in Overweight and Obese Children After Body Weight Reduction

The Severity of Obesity Promotes Greater Dehydration in Children: Preliminary Results

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