Development of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for analyzing deposited layers in ITER

Karhunen, J.; Hakola, A.; Likonen, J.; Lissovski, A.; Paris, P.; Laan, M.; Piip, K.; Poroşnicu, C.; Lungu, C.P.; Sugiyama, K.

doi:10.1088/0031-8949/2014/t159/014067

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…CF-LIBS also entered the ITER project via the research of Karhunen, 80 aimed at analyzing deposition on ITER tiles, and by Fantoni et al 81 and Mišcovičová 82 to investigate the concentration of impurities in Mo alloys. Almaviva et al 83 estimated the relative concentration of W, Al and D in ITER divertor PFCs to assess the retention of fuel on the wall structure at the ITER.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catching up on calibration-free LIBS

Poggialini

Campanella

Cocciaro

et al. 2023

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catching up on calibration-free LIBS

Poggialini

Campanella

Cocciaro

et al. 2023

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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“…In general, inclusion of impurities and/or fuel will enhance the ablation rate. For both Al and Be the ablation rate of D-containing coatings becomes an order of magnitude higher compared to non-doped coatings and in addition, the increasing coating thickness results also in enhancement of the ablation rate [19,20]. Although Al and Be differ in fuel retention, in terms of validation of sensitivity and accuracy of the LIBS technique, Al certainly suffices as a proxy to optimize the method though final application as reference requires always Be.…”

Section: Libs Test Samples and Their Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of tritium and impurities in the first wall of fusion devices using a LIBS based diagnostic

Meiden¹,

Almaviva²,

Butikova³

et al. 2021

Nucl. Fusion

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is one of the most promising methods for quantitative in-situ determination of fuel retention in plasma-facing components (PFCs) of magnetically confined fusion devices like ITER and JET. In this article, the current state of understanding in LIBS development for fusion applications will be presented, based on a complete review of existing results and complemented with newly obtained data. The work has been performed as part of a research programme, set up in the EUROfusion Consortium, to address the main requirements for ITER: (a) quantification of fuel from relevant surfaces with high sensitivity, (b) the technical demonstration to perform LIBS with a remote handling system and (c) accurate detection of fuel at ambient pressures relevant for ITER. For the first goal, the elemental composition of ITER-like deposits and proxies to them, including deuterium (D) or helium (He) containing W–Be, W, W–Al and Be–O–C coatings, was successfully determined with a typical depth resolution ranging from 50 up to 250 nm per laser pulse. Deuterium was used as a substitute for tritium (T) and in the LIBS experiments deuterium surface densities below 1016 D/cm2 could be measured with an accuracy of ∼30%, confirming the required high sensitivity for fuel-retention investigations. The performance of different LIBS configurations was explored, comprising LIBS systems based on single pulse (pulse durations: ps–ns) and double pulse lasers with different pulse durations. For the second goal, a remote handling application was demonstrated inside the Frascati-Tokamak-Upgrade (FTU), where a compact, remotely controlled LIBS system was mounted on a multipurpose deployer providing an in-vessel retention monitor system. During a shutdown phase, LIBS was performed at atmospheric pressure, for measuring the composition and fuel content of different area of the stainless-steel FTU first wall, and the titanium zirconium molybdenum alloy tiles of the toroidal limiter. These achievements underline the capability of a LIBS-based retention monitor, which complies with the requirements for JET and ITER operating in DT with a beryllium wall and a tungsten divertor. Concerning the capabilities of LIBS at pressure conditions relevant for ITER, quantitative determination of the composition of PFC materials at ambient pressures up to 100 mbar of N2, the D content could be determined with an accuracy of 25%, while for atmospheric pressure conditions, an accuracy of about 50% was found when using single-pulse lasers. To improve the LIBS performance in atmospheric pressure conditions, a novel approach is proposed for quantitative determination of the retained T and the D/T ratio. This scenario is based on measuring the LIBS plume emission at two different time delays after each laser pulse. On virtue of application of a double pulse LIBS system, for LIBS application at N2 atmospheric pressure the distinguishability of the spectra from H isotopes could be significantly improved, but further systematic research is required.

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“…53 In LAMIS, the emissions associated with the transitions of simple molecules are studied, to enhance the isotopic spectral separation, which is typically very difficult to resolve in atomic emission. [54][55][56] 2.1.3 Solar energy industry. The rst application of LIBS to solar cell analysis was proposed by Hidalgo et al in 1996.…”

Section: Energy Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%