Development of high performance parasport prosthetic limbs: A proposed framework and case study

Abstract

Sport with a disability has progressed from undertaking physical activity for recreation to one of a high performance environment at competitions such as the Paralympic Games. There is currently limited information and guidance to help inform stakeholders as to how to develop the high performance technology of elite athletes who possess limb absence. In this manuscript, a conceptual framework for high performance prosthetic limb creation is presented. This utilises a synthesis between contemporary product design theory and a review of existing case studies. This proposed framework is then applied to a case study. Ultimately, the framework provides an indicative guide to the creation of prosthetic limbs that emphasise technological performance enhancement over that of mere sporting participation.

The design of an upper arm prosthesis utilising 3D printing conceived for the 2020 Tokyo paralympic games: A technical note

“…This process was as per previous recommendations. 1 It should also be noted that a range of concept variants based upon this design were created by having change parts that were affixed this design by using magnets. This method was a cost, time and resource effective method of generating derivative designs although most of these were not progressed from their concept stage.…”

“…To undertake cycling whilst possessing any level of lower-limb amputation may often require some form of specialised prostheses to be developed. 1 This technology provides a unique visible distinction between those who possess limb absence and those who do not because the form of a prosthetic limb can be manipulated to suit the nature of the sporting event it is intended to support. 2 With respect to the sport of paracycling, much of this design is primarily influenced by the biomechanical requirements of the event and the reduction of aerodynamic drag.…”

“…Part of the Dyer approach required the detailed review of any governing body legislature, the identification of their limits and the exploitation of any opportunities. 1 In the case of paracycling, governance is overseen by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). The UCI’s rules regarding prostheses is predominantly outlined by rule 16.14.002 and is as follows.…”

“…2 Prosthetic limbs are currently allowed for use by athletes when competing in cycling with a disability. A formalised framework for sports assistive technology development was proposed by Dyer 1 and outlined a multi-disciplinary approach. However, it is conceded that more case studies were required to support its use.…”

The relation between sprint power and road time trial performance in elite para-cyclists

“…These technologies are developing vastly, e.g. the use or prostheses in bicycling for those with lower limb deficiencies 30 , or adapting the foot rests of a recumbent handcycle to make a closed chain. 31 The impact of these adaptations on sprint power as well as time trial performance should be continuously monitored.…”