Development of electrodeposited multilayer coatings: A review of fabrication, microstructure, properties and applications

Mahmood, Asif; Walsh, Frank C.; Zangari, Giovanni; Köçkar, Hakan; Alper, Mürsel; Rizal, Conrad; Magagnin, Luca; Protsenko, V. S.; Arunachalam, Ramanathan; Rezvanian, A.R.; Moein, Arian; Assareh, S.; Allahyarzadeh, M.H.

doi:10.1016/j.apsadv.2021.100141

Cited by 49 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 245 publications

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“…14. More detailed aspects of deposit microstructure in multilayer electrodeposits, the complex interactions between microstructure and operational parameters together with expanding application sectors are considered in a recent review [82].…”

Section: Further Research and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The continued development of multilayered and compositionally modulated electrodeposits

Walsh

2022

Transactions of the IMF

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Traditionally, electroplating has involved the continuous deposition of a single layer of metal at constant current. However, electrodeposition of alternate layers can offer benefits such as reduced wear, improved corrosion resistance and higher tensile strength. The alternate layers can involve different morphology or thickness of metal, different metals or the alloy composition of layers with and without included particles. In the case of a single bath, electrocrystallisation is continuous but layers can be tailored to have different chemical composition, phase composition, morphology and microstructure. The composition of layers can also be systematically modified in a gradient fashion. The thickness of each metal layer can vary from >20 m down to ≈ 1 nm; in the case of nanometre thick layers, up to 500 layers of 1 nm thick individual layers might be involved. Compact multilayer deposition from a single bath is often achieved by applying a potential waveform in the laboratory or pulsed current in industry. While multilayer electrodeposition is going through a phase of rediscovery, growth and diversification, the field can be traced back to a patent involving Cu-Ni multilayers, in 1905. Progress in multi-layered electrodeposition has made use of contemporary trends in electroplating research, including self-assembled layers, nanowire arrays and the use of deep eutectic solvents for electrolytes. The developing uses of multilayer deposits are seen to span industries as diverse as wear and corrosion resistant coatings, toolbits and heavy engineering. Speciality uses include electronic, optical and magnetic materials as well as catalytic electrode surfaces for electrochemical technology. Recommendations are made on aspects which deserve further R & D.

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Section: Further Research and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The continued development of multilayered and compositionally modulated electrodeposits

Walsh

2022

Transactions of the IMF

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“…As shown in Figure 11b, worn surface morphology of 600 • C annealed Ni-Mo-W coating demonstrates typical abrasion wear due to observation of plough grooves and abrasive particles. The micro-cracks are also observed with absorbing lubricants applied for improving the wear resistance [46]. It can be referred that the formation of a mixture of oxides such as NiO, Ni 4 MoO 2 [47], MoO 3 , and WO 3 [8] through the result of chemical composition (EDS) at select positions (3 & 4) on the worn surface, providing lubrication during abrasive worn process with lower friction coefficient and wear rate of 600 • C annealed Ni-Mo-W coating.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on the Influence of Annealing on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Electrodeposited Ni-Mo and Ni-Mo-W Alloy Coatings

Zhang

Wang³

et al. 2021

Coatings

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Ni-Mo and Ni-Mo-W coatings were electrodeposited on a stainless steel sheet, and then were annealed at 200, 400, and 600 °C. The effect of annealing heat treatment on the microstructure of Ni-Mo and Ni-Mo-W electrodepositions, their nano-hardness, and tribological properties were investigated. It was revealed that the average crystalline are refined and phase separation are promoted with formation of Mo-W related intermetallic precipitates at temperature exceed 400 °C on account of the co-existence of Mo-W elements within Ni-Mo-W coatings. Annealing heat treatment leads to hardening, and the hardness and elastic module increase significantly. The grain boundary (GB) relaxation and hard precipitated intermetallic particles are responsible for the annealing-induced hardening for ≤400 °C annealed and 600 °C annealed Ni-Mo-W coatings, respectively. In addition, both adhesive wear and abrasive wear are observed for coatings, and abrasive wear becomes predominant when annealing temperature up to 600 °C. The wear resistance of coatings is improved eventually by formation of a mixture of lubricated oxides upon annealing at 600 °C and the enhancement of H/E ratio for ≤400 °C annealed Ni-Mo-W coatings.

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“…Also in this method, the applied ow required for the layering process can be controlled through electronic devices and microprocessors [23]. Electrodeposition, also known as electroplating, is a chemical process in which an electric current is applied to reduce metal cations in a solution, through which the surface layer is coated and the surface structure is modi ed [24]. In this method, water is usually used as a solvent and by connecting two electrodes to an external power supply, the required current for the process is established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological and Corrosion Behavior of St37 Steel by Electrochemically Deposited Ni-Fe/Al 2 O 3 Coating

Yazdi

Rezayat

Zandi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Surface coating process is one of the techniques that increase the performance and service life of parts by increasing the mechanical properties. In this study, compared to the layered coating, a composite coating was done by electroplating method on stainless steel grade st37. The aim of this study was to increase the mechanical properties of the surface base metal as well as the coating. Materials characterization tests such as X-ray diffraction tests and imaging were performed by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, a Vickers microhardness test and wear resistance were performed. Chemical tests were done on the created coating, the results of which were presented as polarization and Varna quest diagrams. According to the results, the coating containing Ni-Fe/Al2O3 particles showed better mechanical properties so that by increasing the amount of alumina particles to 50 g/L, the hardness reached 750 (HV 0.5), which is 585 (HV 0.5) for the coating without alumina was reported. Varna quest chemical test reported that coat with alumina corroded 10 times less than st37 row material. The wear friction coefficient for row st37 was 0.21 however this amount after adding alumina to the coating structure reached 0.35.

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Development of electrodeposited multilayer coatings: A review of fabrication, microstructure, properties and applications

Cited by 49 publications

References 245 publications

The continued development of multilayered and compositionally modulated electrodeposits

The continued development of multilayered and compositionally modulated electrodeposits

Investigations on the Influence of Annealing on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Electrodeposited Ni-Mo and Ni-Mo-W Alloy Coatings

Tribological and Corrosion Behavior of St37 Steel by Electrochemically Deposited Ni-Fe/Al 2 O 3 Coating

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