Development of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction technique using ternary solvents mixture followed by heating for the rapid and sensitive analysis of phthalate esters and di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate

Farajzadeh, Mir Ali; Khoshmaram, Leila

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.049

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Our results are similar to previous studies where the concentrations of phthalates in the lemon juice and vinegar samples in PET bottles were found up to 0.44 µg/L (22). Higher concentrations of phthalates up to 140 µg/L were detected in lemon juice and vinegar samples kept in plastic bottles (23). In previous studies (22,23), selected samples were the commercial ones and purchased from public market.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

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The Effect of Storage Time, Temperature and Type of Packaging on Release of Phthalate Ester into Packed Acidic Juice

Rastkari

Jeddi

Yunesian

et al. 2017

Food Technol. Biotechnol.

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SummaryAcidic liquids such as verjuice, lemon juice and vinegar are frequently consumed in Iran. Different kinds of acidic liquids are packaged in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and high--density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles. There is evidence indicating that phthalates can leach from PET and HDPE bottles into their contents. In this work the effect of storage time, temperature and bottle type on the migration of phthalates from packaging materials into acidic liquids is studied by analyzing the samples stored under different conditions, before storage and after 2, 4 and 6 months of storage. The determined mean phthalate concentrations in µg/L were: <0.04 to 0.501 in verjuice, <0.04 to 0.231 in lemon juice and <0.04 to 0.586 in vinegar. The highest concentrations of diethyl phthalate (DEP) and diethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP) were found in PET and HDPE bottles, respectively. Results of analyses before and after storage indicate that under some storage conditions, the concentrations of DEP, DEHP and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) increased in acidic liquids. The possible migration of phthalic acid esters from plastic packaging materials into the contents was indicated by the results of the present study.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Higher concentrations of phthalates up to 140 µg/L were detected in lemon juice and vinegar samples kept in plastic bottles (23). In previous studies (22,23), selected samples were the commercial ones and purchased from public market. Therefore, the initial concentrations of phthalates in the samples were not determined before storage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Storage Time, Temperature and Type of Packaging on Release of Phthalate Ester into Packed Acidic Juice

Rastkari

Jeddi

Yunesian

et al. 2017

Food Technol. Biotechnol.

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show abstract

“…For instance, the use of two or three extractor solvents has been implemented by several authors. [28][29][30][31][32] Such modifications can notably improve the extraction of organic polar analytes, which is difficult to achieve by employing the conventional LLE procedures because of the difficulty of finding an adequate solvent system. Wang et al 29 employed 100 µL of chloroform:undecanol (1:1) for the determination of nicotine (log Kow 1.17) and cotinine (log Kow 0.07) in urine using DLLME with the solidification of a floating organic drop (SFO).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mixture design is broadly applied in the pharmaceutical industry, in food analysis, 34,35 and in the optimization of experiments such as the solvent extraction of bioactive compounds from natural products 36,37 and in sample preparation. 29,30,38 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If compared to the isolated use of the solvents, the recovery of cotinine, which is the most polar analyte in the system, was improved. Farajzadeh and Khoshmaram 30 were the first to use a ternary solvents mixture to evaluate the migration of phthalates (log Kow 1.6 to 6.6) from plastic food packaging. The extractor solvent mixture included chloroform (CLF, 404 µL), dichloromethane (DCM, 122 µL) and carbon tetrachloride (44 µL), and 2 mL of dimethylformamide as the disperser solvent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Binary Solvent Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for the Determination of Pesticides in Natural Water Samples

Estevão¹,

Peralta‐Zamora²,

Nagata³

2018

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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A binary solvent dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (BS-DLLME) technique was developed for simultaneous determination of diuron, teflubenzuron, atrazine, and two of its metabolites (desisopropylatrazine and desethylatrazine) in natural waters. The extraction was investigated using a three components mixture design to determine the best ratio between the extractors (dichloromethane and chloroform) and the disperser solvent (acetonitrile). According to the analysis of variance, empirical response surfaces were obtained for each analyte, correlating the absolute recovery and the mixture composition. The analysis of the overlapping surfaces allowed the detection of the best condition for the analytes extraction: 481 µL of chloroform, 56.6 µL of dichloromethane, 906 µL of acetonitrile, 5.00 mL of the aqueous sample, and 10% (m/v) of sodium chloride. The proposed method was validated and successfully applied in the analysis of surface waters, presenting suitable linearity (r > 0.9990), low limits of detection (0.015 to 0.36 µg L -1 ) and quantification (0.049 to 1.2 µg L -1 ), and relative recoveries between 84.8 and 106.1%.

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Development of a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method with a new sequence of steps and its comparison with a conventional method

Farajzadeh

Asghari

Feriduni

2016

J of Separation Science

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In this paper, a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method with a new sequence of steps from the view of salt addition has been developed for the extraction and preconcentration of some organophosphorous pesticides from aqueous samples before analysis by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. In this method, an appropriate mixture of extraction and disperser solvents is rapidly injected by a syringe into the aqueous sample. Then, sodium chloride is added into the solution to increase its ionic strength. The obtained results by the proposed method are compared with those of the conventional dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction in which the salt is added into the aqueous phase before dispersion of the extraction solvent. Some effective parameters on the method efficiency including type and volume of extraction and disperser solvents, type and percent of salt, etc. are investigated. Under the optimal conditions, limits of detection and quantification of the proposed method compared to conventional one were improved by a factor between 1.4-2.2 and 1.3-2.3, respectively. Extraction recoveries and enrichment factors of the proposed method with respect to conventional one enhanced from 43-60 to 72-99% and 1433-2000 to 2404-3285, respectively.

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Development of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction technique using ternary solvents mixture followed by heating for the rapid and sensitive analysis of phthalate esters and di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate

Cited by 24 publications

References 39 publications

The Effect of Storage Time, Temperature and Type of Packaging on Release of Phthalate Ester into Packed Acidic Juice

The Effect of Storage Time, Temperature and Type of Packaging on Release of Phthalate Ester into Packed Acidic Juice

Binary Solvent Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for the Determination of Pesticides in Natural Water Samples

Development of a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method with a new sequence of steps and its comparison with a conventional method

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