Development of an octocalcium phosphate cement

Bermúdez, O.; Boltong, M. G.; Driessens, F. C. M.; Planell, Josep A.

doi:10.1007/bf00053334

Cited by 47 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The results of the only study on an ACP cement demonstrated that this end-product was rapidly converted into CDHA [113]; thus, it also belongs to apatite-forming formulations. Besides, there are some papers devoted to OCP-forming cements [129][130][131][132]; however, contrary to the reports of late 1980-s [129] and early 1990-s [130], in recent papers either simultaneous formation of OCP and CHDA has been detected [132] or no phase analysis has been performed [131]. Strong experimental evidences of the existence of a transient OCP phase during cement setting were found in still another study; however, after a few hours, the OCP phase disappeared giving rise to the final CDHA phase [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relative stability and solubility of various calcium orthophosphates (see Table 1) is the major driving force for setting reactions that occur in these cements. Therefore, mixing of a dry powder with an aqueous solution induces various chemical transformations, where crystals of the initial calcium orthophosphate(s) rapidly dissolve(s) and precipitate(s) into crystals of CDHA (preci-pitated HA) or DCPD with possible formation of intermediate precursor phases (e.g., ACP [113] and OCP [25,[129][130][131][132]). During precipitation, the newly formed crystals grow and form a web of intermingling microneedles or microplatelets of the final products, thus provide a mechanical rigidity to the hardened cements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations: Cements, Concretes, Pastes and Putties

Dorozhkin¹

2012

IJMC

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In early 1980s, researchers discovered self-setting calcium orthophosphate cements, which are a bioactive and biodegradable grafting material in the form of a powder and a liquid. Both phases after mixing form a viscous paste that after being implanted sets and hardens within the body as either a non-stoichiometric calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) or brushite, sometimes blended with un-reacted particles and other phases. As both CDHA and brushite are remarkably biocompartible and bioresorbable (therefore, in vivo they can be replaced with a newly forming bone), self-setting calcium orthophosphate cements represent a good correction technique of non-weight-bearing bone fractures or defects and appear to be very promising materials for bone grafting applications. Besides, these cements possess an excellent osteoconductivity, molding capabilities, and easy manipulation. Nearly perfect adaptation to the tissue surfaces in bone defects and a gradual bioresorption followed by new bone formation are additional distinctive advantages of calcium orthophosphate cements. Besides, reinforced formulations are available; those are described as calcium orthophosphate concretes. Furthermore, formulations with high viscosity, such as pastes and putties are also known. The discovery of self-setting formulations has opened up a new era in the medical application of calcium orthophosphates; several commercial compositions have already been introduced as a result. Many more formulations are in experimental stages. In this review, an insight into the self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations, as excellent biomaterials suitable for both dental and bone grafting applications, has been provided.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations: Cements, Concretes, Pastes and Putties

Dorozhkin¹

2012

IJMC

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“…Namely, the results of the only study on an ACP-forming formulation demonstrated that it was rapidly converted into CDHA [137]; thus, it belongs to apatite-forming formulations. With the OCP-forming formulations [154][155][156][157] the situation looks as this. Contrary to the reports of late 1980s [154] and early 1990s [155], in recent papers either simultaneous formation of OCP and CHDA has been detected [157] or no phase analysis has been performed [156].…”

Section: General Information and Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the OCP-forming formulations [154][155][156][157] the situation looks as this. Contrary to the reports of late 1980s [154] and early 1990s [155], in recent papers either simultaneous formation of OCP and CHDA has been detected [157] or no phase analysis has been performed [156]. Strong experimental evidences of the existence of a transient OCP phase during setting were found in still another study; however, after a few hours, the OCP phase disappeared giving rise to the final CDHA phase [41].…”

Section: General Information and Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relative stability and solubility of various calcium orthophosphates (see Table 1) is the major driving force of the setting reactions occurred. Therefore, mixing of a dry powder with an aqueous solution induces various chemical transformations, in which crystals of the initial calcium orthophosphate(s) rapidly dissolve(s) and precipitate(s) into crystals of CDHA (precipitated HA) or DCPD with possible formation of intermediate precursor phases (e.g., ACP [30,137] and OCP [41,[154][155][156][157]). During precipitation, the newly formed crystals grow and form a web of intermingling microneedles or microplatelets of CDHA or DCPD, thus provide a mechanical rigidity to the hardened cements.…”

Section: General Information and Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations

Dorozhkin¹

2012

Calcium Orthophosphates

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Abstract:In early 1980s, researchers discovered self-setting calcium orthophosphate cements, which are bioactive and biodegradable grafting bioceramics in the form of a powder and a liquid. After mixing, both phases form pastes, which set and harden forming either a non-stoichiometric calcium deficient hydroxyapatite or brushite. Since both of them are remarkably biocompartible, bioresorbable and osteoconductive, self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations appear to be promising bioceramics for bone grafting. Furthermore, such formulations possess excellent molding capabilities, easy manipulation and nearly perfect adaptation to the complex shapes of bone defects, followed by gradual bioresorption and new bone formation. In addition, reinforced formulations have been introduced, which might be described as calcium orthophosphate concretes. The discovery of self-setting properties opened up a new era in the medical application of calcium orthophosphates and many commercial trademarks have been introduced as a result. Currently such formulations are widely used as synthetic bone grafts, with several advantages, such as pourability and injectability. Moreover, their low-temperature setting reactions and intrinsic porosity allow loading by drugs, biomolecules and even cells for tissue engineering purposes. In this review, an insight into the self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations, as excellent bioceramics suitable for both dental and bone grafting applications, has been provided.

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Kinetic study of the setting reaction of a calcium phosphate bone cement

Fernández

Ginebra

Boltong

et al. 1996

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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137

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The setting reaction of a calcium phosphate bone cement consisting of a mixture of 63.2 wt % alpha-tertiary calcium phosphate (TCP)[alpha-Ca3(PO4)2], 27.7 wt % dicalcium phosphate (DCP) (CaHPO4), and 9.1 wt % of precipitated hydroxyapatite [(PHA) used as seed material] was investigated. The cement samples were prepared at a liquid-to-powder ratio of: L/P = 0.30 ml/g. Bi-distilled water was used as liquid solution. After mixing the powder and liquid, some samples were molded and aged in Ringer's solution at 37 degrees C. At fixed time intervals they were unmolded and then immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen at a temperature of TN = -196 degrees C, lyofilized, and examined by X-ray diffraction as powder samples. The compressive strength versus time was also measured in setting samples of this calcium phosphate bone cement. The crystal entanglement morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that: 1) alpha-TCP reacted to a calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA), Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5O H, whereas DCP did not react significantly; 2) the reaction was nearly finished within 32 h, during which both the reaction percentage and the compressive strength increased versus time, with a strong correlation between them; and 3) the calcium phosphate bone cement showed in general a structure of groups of interconnected large plates distributed among agglomerations of small crystal plates arranged in very dense packings.

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Development of an octocalcium phosphate cement

Cited by 47 publications

References 10 publications

Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations: Cements, Concretes, Pastes and Putties

Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations: Cements, Concretes, Pastes and Putties

Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations

Kinetic study of the setting reaction of a calcium phosphate bone cement

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