Development of an in situ fiber optic Raman system to monitor hydrothermal vents

Battaglia, Tina M.; Dunn, E. E.; Lilley, Marvin D.; Holloway, H.; Dable, Brian K.; Marquardt, Brian J.; Booksh, Karl S.

doi:10.1039/b404505j

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…The intensities of Raman water spectra have also been used to determine the depth of laser penetration when correcting airborne fluorescence measurements of phytoplankton density (Bristow et al 1981;Hoge & Swift 1981). It is only more recently, however, that interest has grown in using Raman spectroscopy to make chemical measurements in situ in both the coastal ocean and the deep sea (Kronfeldt & Schmidt 1999;Battaglia et al 2004;Pasteris et al 2004).…”

Section: Application Of Laser Raman Spectroscopy In the Deep Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two other sea-going Raman systems use 785 nm excitation. One of these was developed to study hydrothermal vent-fluid chemistry (Battaglia et al 2004;Dable et al 2006), and uses a variety of modified components including a Control Development Inc. spectrometer. The other 785 nm system was developed to detect polyaromatic hydrocarbons in seawater (Schmidt et al 2004), and uses a custom surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy probe and a Jobin Yvon spectrometer (Kronfeldt & Schmidt 1999).…”

Section: Application Of Laser Raman Spectroscopy In the Deep Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most used sea-going Raman system built to date ) is a modified version of a commercially available laboratory Raman package, which requires a large fraction of a typical scientific submersible's payload. More compact commercial packages are available, and other sea-going Raman systems being developed are smaller (Battaglia et al 2004;Schmidt et al 2004). Further optimization of size is desirable and would enable a greater range of deployment modes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such an approach would greatly improve our understanding of (i) the chemical evolution of hydrothermal systems themselves, (ii) the structure and biogeochemical cycling within microbial mats, and (iii) the impact of hydrothermal venting upon global ocean chemistry. Sea-going Raman systems have been built (Battaglia et al 2004;Brewer et al 2004;Schmidt et al 2004) and deployed to manually analyse gases (White et al 2006a); synthetic and natural clathrate hydrates (Hester et al 2006(Hester et al , 2007; and minerals, fluids and bacterial mats at hydrothermal vents (White et al 2006b;White 2009). Laboratory testing has proven the ability to quantitatively, and autonomously distinguish many minerals typically found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents, even minerals with similar chemical compositions (figure 2; Breier et al 2009a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mineral–microbe interactions in deep-sea hydrothermal systems: a challenge for Raman spectroscopy

Breier

White

German

2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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In deep-sea hydrothermal environments, steep chemical and thermal gradients, rapid and turbulent mixing and biologic processes produce a multitude of diverse mineral phases and foster the growth of a variety of chemosynthetic micro-organisms. Many of these microbial species are associated with specific mineral phases, and the interaction of mineral and microbial processes are of only recently recognized importance in several areas of hydrothermal research. Many submarine hydrothermal mineral phases form during kinetically limited reactions and are either metastable or are only thermodynamically stable under in situ conditions. Laser Raman spectroscopy is well suited to mineral speciation measurements in the deep sea in many ways, and sea-going Raman systems have been built and used to make a variety of in situ measurements. However, the full potential of this technique for hydrothermal science has yet to be realized. In this focused review, we summarize both the need for in situ mineral speciation measurements in hydrothermal research and the development of sea-going Raman systems to date; we describe the rationale for further development of a small, low-cost sea-going Raman system optimized for mineral identification that incorporates a fluorescence-minimizing design; and we present three experimental applications that such a tool would enable.

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Section: Application Of Laser Raman Spectroscopy In the Deep Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application Of Laser Raman Spectroscopy In the Deep Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mineral–microbe interactions in deep-sea hydrothermal systems: a challenge for Raman spectroscopy

Breier

White

German

2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…Currently, Raman measurements can be made to ascertain this information, but this measurement procedure requires active focusing of the excitation laser to collect measurement data. [13][14][15] Thus, Raman measurements are not well-suited for passive sampling procedures required for stand-alone in-situ applications without human interaction. '.…”

Section: Methane Enrichment In Polydimethylsiloxane (Pdms) Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Support of Gulf of Mexico Hydrate Research Consortium: Activities to Support Establishment of a Sea Floor Monitoring Station Project

Higley¹,

Woolsey²,

Goodman³

et al. 2005

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A Consortium, designed to assemble leaders in gas hydrates research, has been established at the University of Mississippi=s Center for Marine Resources and Environmental Technology, CMRET. The primary objective of the group is to design and emplace a remote monitoring station on the sea floor in the northern Gulf of Mexico by the year 2005, in an area where gas hydrates are known to be present at, or just below, the sea floor. This mission necessitates assembling a station that will monitor physical and chemical parameters of the sea water and sea floor sediments on a moreor-less continuous basis over an extended period of time. Development of the station allows for the possibility of expanding its capabilities to include biological monitoring, as a means of assessing environmental health. Establishment of the Consortium has succeeded in fulfilling the critical need to coordinate activities, avoid redundancies and communicate effectively among researchers in this relatively new research arena. Complementary expertise, both scientific and technical, has been assembled to promote innovative research methods and construct necessary instrumentation.Noteworthy achievements one year into the extended life of this cooperative agreement include:• Progress on the vertical line array (VLA) of sensors:o Repair attempts of the VLA cable damaged in the October >1000m water depth deployment failed; a new design has been tested successfully. o The acoustic modem damaged in the October deployment was repaired successfully. o Additional acoustic modems with greater depth rating and the appropriate surface communications units have been purchased. o The VLA computer system is being modified for real time communications to the surface vessel using radio telemetry and fiber optic cable. o Positioning sensors -including compass and tilt sensors -were completed and tested. o One of the VLAs has been redesigned to collect near sea floor geochemical data.• Progress on the Sea Floor Probe: o With the Consortium's decision to divorce its activities from those of the Joint Industries Program (JIP), due to the JIP's selection of a site in 1300m of water, the Sea Floor Probe (SFP) system was revived as a means to emplace arrays in the shallow subsurface until arrangements can be made for boreholes at >1000m water depth. o The SFP penetrometer has been designed and construction begun. o The SFP geophysical and pore-fluid probes have been designed. v• Progress on the Acoustic Systems for Monitoring Gas Hydrates:o Video recordings of bubbles emitted from a seep in Mississippi Canyon have been analyzed for effects of currents and temperature changes. o Several acoustic monitoring system concepts have been evaluated for their appropriateness to MC118, i.e., on the deep sea floor. o A mock-up system was built but was rejected as too impractical for deployment on the sea floor.• Progress on the Electromagnetic Bubble Detector and Counter: o Laboratory tests were performed using bubbles of different sizes in waters of different salinities ...

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Analysis of marine biogenic sulfur compounds using Raman spectroscopy: dimethyl sulfide and methane sulfonic acid

Barletta

Gros

Herring

2009

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Biogenic sulfur compounds, such as dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethyl sulfoniopropionate (DMSP), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and methane sulfonic acid (MSA), are important components of the global sulfur cycle and, as contributors to the formation of non-anthropogenic aerosols, impact global climate. In general, these chemicals are found in the marine environment in extremely low concentrations (nM), but under certain circumstances, e.g. intracellular accumulations and inclusions in glacial ice, they can be found with concentration orders of higher magnitude (µM or greater). Current analytical methods, which are designed to measure concentrations in the nM range, do so by sacrificing detailed knowledge of the chemical environment and spatial distribution of these compounds. An alternative approach to the quantitative measurement of biogenic sulfur compounds directly (i.e. without pre-processing) has been investigated in de-ionized water and artificial seawater. The detection limits for the measurement of DMSO and MSA using Raman spectroscopy with both visible and UV excitation have been measured. For DMSO, a sensitivity of <10 mM has been determined. For MSA, concentrations as low as 3 mM can be detected. It has been determined that, for aqueous solutions, the use of water as an internal standard for quantitative measurement appears to be adequate for measurement with high linearity over several decades of concentration. For DMSO and MSA, the measured sensitivities for quantitative Raman detection are adequate to address important issues in the biogeochemistry of these compounds. Moreover, for MSA it was determined that, based on measured band positions, previous studies of MSA in glacial ice have incorrectly attributed the species to solid salt rather than the, more likely, free ion in concentrated aqueous solution. In addition to sensitivity measurements, resonance/pre-resonance enhancement of the Raman spectrum of DMSO and MSA, respectively, has been found with 248 nm excitation. Finally, the previously unreported Raman spectrum of Mg(MSA) 2 has been measured.

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Development of an in situ fiber optic Raman system to monitor hydrothermal vents

Cited by 24 publications

References 13 publications

Mineral–microbe interactions in deep-sea hydrothermal systems: a challenge for Raman spectroscopy

Mineral–microbe interactions in deep-sea hydrothermal systems: a challenge for Raman spectroscopy

Support of Gulf of Mexico Hydrate Research Consortium: Activities to Support Establishment of a Sea Floor Monitoring Station Project

Analysis of marine biogenic sulfur compounds using Raman spectroscopy: dimethyl sulfide and methane sulfonic acid

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