Development of a solid phase microextraction gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methodology for the analysis of sixty personal care products in hydroalcoholic gels ˗ hand sanitizers ˗ in the context of COVID-19 pandemic

Vazquez, Lua; Celeiro, María; Castiñeira-Landeira, Ana; Dagnac, Thierry; Llompart, Marı́a

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2022.339650

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The GAPI figure generated from the conditions established for the proposed method is shown in Figure 3. According to Vazquez et al (2022), colorimetric methods using digital images do not require specific analytical instruments (7) . For this reason, pictogram 5 is not drawn in the GAPI figure (Figure 3).…”

Section: Greenness Evaluation Of Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other two general methods described in official compendia for ethanol determination (gas chromatography and distillation) are laborious and costly. Some authors have described alternative methods for the determination of ethanol in ABHS using near infrared spectroscopy (5,6) or gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) (7) . These techniques involve a set of complex and high-cost instrumentation, making it difficult to implement in laboratories that produce on a small scale or compounding pharmacies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SmartAnalysis: A sustainable digital-image colorimetry method for ethanol determination in alcohol-based hand sanitizer

Machado Escobar,

Donadel Malesuik,

Smanioto Barin

et al. 2024

Ars Pharm

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Introduction: The consumption of alcohol-based hand sanitizers has increased significantly after the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Despite the conclusion of the health emergency declared by the WHO in 2023, the habit of sanitizing hands with ethanol-based gel sanitizers has been globally adopted by the population. Since general methods described in official compendia for ethanol determination such as gas chromatography or distillation are laborious and not-specific to carbomer-containing gels, this work proposes an alternative method based on digital image colorimetry. Method: The digital image (provided by ethanol-phenolphthalein reaction) was captured and transformed into an analytical signal based on the Red-Green-Blue system. The image acquisitions were performed using a Samsung Galaxy J6 smartphone, and the signals were generated using the Photometrix Pro® free program. The method was validated in accordance with ICH and applied in commercial samples. Additionally, the proposed method was evaluated for its environmental impact using the Green Analytical Process Index (GAPI) tool. Pictograms were generated using the ComplexGAPI® free program. Results: Green channel exhibited a linear response in the calibration curves for ethanol concentrations ranging from 5 to 40 % (w/w) in acidic medium. The method showed linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness. Conclusions: The proposed method presented as main advantages the use of low-cost and easy-to-handle devices and reduced reagent consumption, in accordance with green analytical chemistry principles.

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Section: Greenness Evaluation Of Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SmartAnalysis: A sustainable digital-image colorimetry method for ethanol determination in alcohol-based hand sanitizer

Machado Escobar,

Donadel Malesuik,

Smanioto Barin

et al. 2024

Ars Pharm

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“…Liquid products (eau de toilettes and perfumes) are directly injected, without sample preparation, except dilution using different solvents or filtration [ 107 , 108 , 109 ] (if the amount of nonvolatile constituents is low when submitted to GC, as the performance of the GC system is rarely hampered by other constituents of the sample). If the analytes occur in more complex media, such as creams, lotions, foundations, and lipsticks, they need to be extracted from their matrix, prior to their analysis, via different established methods: by a fluid (in one step extraction technique [ 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 ] and improved variants such as MSPD: matrix solid-phase dispersion [ 23 , 93 , 114 , 115 ], QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction) [ 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 ], or energy-assisted extraction techniques: vortex-assisted extraction (VAE) [ 120 , 121 ], ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) [ 121 , 122 ], and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) [ 121 , 123 ], by liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) techniques [ 120 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 ], by solid-phase extraction techniques (μSPE: micro solid-phase extraction, dSPE: dispersive solid-phase extraction; SBSE: stir bar sorptive extraction) [ 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 ], and gas-phase extraction (headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) [ 139 ,…”

Section: Ms Analysis Of Cosmetic Ingredientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass-Spectrometry-Based Research of Cosmetic Ingredients

Serb,

Georgescu,

Onulov

et al. 2024

Molecules

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Cosmetic products are chemical substances or mixtures used on the skin, hair, nails, teeth, and the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, whose use is intended to clean, protect, correct body odor, perfume, keep in good condition, or change appearance. The analysis of cosmetic ingredients is often challenging because of their huge complexity and their adulteration. Among various analytical tools, mass spectrometry (MS) has been largely used for compound detection, ingredient screening, quality control, detection of product authenticity, and health risk evaluation. This work is focused on the MS applications in detecting and quantification of some common cosmetic ingredients, i.e., preservatives, dyes, heavy metals, allergens, and bioconjugates in various matrices (leave-on or rinse-off cosmetic products). As a global view, MS-based analysis of bioconjugates is a narrow field, and LC- and GC/GC×GC-MS are widely used for the investigation of preservatives, dyes, and fragrances, while inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-MS is ideal for comprehensive analysis of heavy metals. Ambient ionization approaches and advanced separation methods (i.e., convergence chromatography (UPC2)) coupled to MS have been proven to be an excellent choice for the analysis of scented allergens. At the same time, the current paper explores the challenges of MS-based analysis for cosmetic safety studies.

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“…Other studies have investigated the risks of common contaminants found in technical-grade ethanol or methanol used in the formulations [ 30 ]. It is noteworthy that these reports have showed that none of the samples analyzed followed WHO recommendations for ABHR/sanitizers [ 31 , 32 ]. Nevertheless, the amount of furocoumarins and other fragrance ingredients in hand hygiene products has not been evaluated yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hidden threat lurking in extensive hand hygiene during the Covid-19 pandemic: investigation of sensitizing molecules in gel products by hyphenated chromatography techniques

et al. 2023

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During the Covid-19 pandemic, health agencies worldwide have recommended frequent handwashing and sanitizing. A variety of hand gel products were made available on the market, often with fragrances added to curtail the strong smell of alcohol. Commonly used Citrus fragrances contain volatile aroma constituents and non-volatile oxygen heterocyclic compounds (OHCs), consisting mostly of polymethoxyflavones, coumarins, and furocoumarins. The latter have long been investigated for their phototoxic properties, and their safety as cosmetic product ingredients has been debated recurrently. To this concern, twelve commercial Citrus-scented products were investigated in this study. An extraction method was optimized for thirty-seven OHC compounds, obtaining absolute mean recovery values in the 73.5–116% range with only few milliliters of solvent consumption. Analysis by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection evidenced that three samples did not conform to the labeling requirements for fragrance allergens (coumarin) laid down by the European Union Regulation on Cosmetic Products. The total furocoumarin (FC) content of the samples investigated was in the 0.003–3.7ppm range, with some noteworthy exceptions. Specifically, in two samples, the total FCs were quantified as 89 and 219 ppm, thus exceeding the safe limits recommended up to a factor of 15. Finally, the consistency of the volatile fingerprint attained by gas chromatography allowed drawing conclusions on the authenticity of the Citrus fragrances labeled, and several products did not conform to the information reported on the label concerning the presence of essential oils. Besides the issue of product authenticity, analytical tools and regulatory actions for widespread testing of hand hygiene products are urgent, to protect consumers’ health and safety. Graphical Abstract

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Development of a solid phase microextraction gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methodology for the analysis of sixty personal care products in hydroalcoholic gels ˗ hand sanitizers ˗ in the context of COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

SmartAnalysis: A sustainable digital-image colorimetry method for ethanol determination in alcohol-based hand sanitizer

SmartAnalysis: A sustainable digital-image colorimetry method for ethanol determination in alcohol-based hand sanitizer

Mass-Spectrometry-Based Research of Cosmetic Ingredients

Hidden threat lurking in extensive hand hygiene during the Covid-19 pandemic: investigation of sensitizing molecules in gel products by hyphenated chromatography techniques

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