Development of a Rat Model of Photothrombotic Ischemia and Infarction Within the Caudoputamen

Abstract

Background and Purpose-Basal ganglia infarction is typically caused by the occlusion of deep arteries and the formation of relatively small lesions called lacunes. In the present study, a rat model of lacunar infarction was induced by photothrombotic occlusion of the small vessels within the caudate-putamen and subsequently characterized. Methods-Male Sprague-Dawley rats (nϭ143) were anesthetized, and Rose Bengal dye (20 mg/kg) was intravenously injected. The left caudoputamen was exposed to cold white light for 5 to 10 minutes via a stereotaxically implanted polymethylmethacrylate optic fiber (0.5-0.75 mm diameter). Neurological and morphological changes were assessed at various times during the following 6 weeks. Local cerebral blood flow was measured 90 minutes after photothrombosis by [

Photothrombotic Ischemia: A Minimally Invasive and Reproducible Photochemical Cortical Lesion Model for Mouse Stroke Studies

“…It consists of an illumination under the shape of a circle, in the center of which cortical region of viable tissue is surrounded by a circular damaged tissue and share the biochemical and molecular characteristics of the ischemic penumbra 21,22 . Variants of technique are also available for performing stroke in the developing brain 23 or in subcortical tissue 24 .…”

Changes in Hippocampal Neuronal Activity During and After Unilateral Selective Hippocampal IschemiaIn Vivo

“…This fact necessitates showing the ischemic damage in early stage (ϳ4 h after ischemia induction). The 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride method rests on the functioning of mitochondrial enzymes (Liszczak et al, 1984) and has been used by several groups to mark cerebral infarct area (Bose et al, 1988;Park et al, 1988;Hatfield et al, 1991;Goldlust et al, 1996;Kuroiwa et al, 2009;Popp et al, 2009). An obvious advantage of this method is its easy applicability, suitability for infarct volume evaluation and the immediate availability of results (Bederson et al, 1986;Mathews et al, 2000;Türeyen et al, 2004;Popp et al, 2009).…”

Generating and measuring photochemical changes inside the brain using optical fibers: exploring stroke

“…the hippocampus) using the coordinates 1.4 mm lateral (left hemisphere) and 2.4 mm posterior to bregma, 2 mm ventral, information provided by a mouse brain atlas [14]. To induce focal cerebral ischemia, the target area was illuminated for 10 min at constant power, in accordance with previous literature [7][8][9][10], after which the fiber was removed and the wound sutured. For the photochemical stroke trials, the powers used were 12 and 43 mW (intensities of 38 and 137 W/cm 2 respectively) at the tip of the fiber to investigate the effect of laser power on the infarct size.…”

“…A more invasive technique is to deliver the light through an optical fiber, which can be surgically implanted into a selected region of the brain. Such a technique has been demonstrated in both rat [7][8][9][10] and mouse models [11]. While these photochemical stroke techniques have been gaining popularity among labs performing rodent models of stroke in recent times, there are still some fundamental aspects that are not completely understood.…”