Development of a Pan‐Arctic Database for River Chemistry

McClelland, J. W.; Holmes, Robert M.; Peterson, Bruce J.; Amon, Rainer M. W.; Brabets, Tim; Cooper, Lee W.; Gibson, J. J.; Гордеев, В. В.; Guay, Christopher K.; Milburn, David; Staples, Robin; Raymond, Peter A.; Shiklomanov, I. A.; Striegl, Robert G.; Zhulidov, Alexander V.; Gurtovaya, Tatiana Yu.; Zimov, S. A.

doi:10.1029/2008eo240001

Cited by 79 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Note that the identified TSS level threshold (15 mg/L) is consistent with that mentioned by [25]. Finally, the ARCTIC-Gro project provided point measurements from 2008 to 2014 in six Arctic watersheds (between April and September; [48]). While the Yenisei River contained the lowest TSS concentrations, with an average of 11.3 ± 8.5 mg/L, the other rivers showed much higher TSS values, from 42.0 ± 38.5 mg/L in the Kolyma to 94.6 ± 82.8 mg/L in the McKenzie.…”

Section: Spectral Band Configuration and Cdom Algorithms In Arctic Risupporting

confidence: 73%

Using High Spatio-Temporal Optical Remote Sensing to Monitor Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Arctic River Yenisei

et al. 2016

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Abstract:In Arctic regions, a major concern is the release of carbon from melting permafrost that could greatly exceed current human carbon emissions. Arctic rivers drain these organic-rich watersheds (Ob, Lena, Yenisei, Mackenzie, Yukon) but field measurements at the outlets of these great Arctic rivers are constrained by limited accessibility of sampling sites. In particular, the highest dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fluxes are observed throughout the ice breakup period that occurs over a short two to three-week period in late May or early June during the snowmelt-generated peak flow. The colored fraction of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) which absorbs UV and visible light is designed as chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). It is highly correlated to DOC in large arctic rivers and streams, allowing for remote sensing to monitor DOC concentrations from satellite imagery. High temporal and spatial resolutions remote sensing tools are highly relevant for the study of DOC fluxes in a large Arctic river. The high temporal resolution allows for correctly assessing this highly dynamic process, especially the spring freshet event (a few weeks in May). The high spatial resolution allows for assessing the spatial variability within the stream and quantifying DOC transfer during the ice break period when the access to the river is almost impossible. In this study, we develop a CDOM retrieval algorithm at a high spatial and a high temporal resolution in the Yenisei River. We used extensive DOC and DOM spectral absorbance datasets from 2014 and 2015. Twelve SPOT5 (Take5) and Landsat 8 (OLI) images from 2014 and 2015 were examined for this investigation. Relationships between CDOM and spectral variables were explored using linear models (LM). Results demonstrated the capacity of a CDOM algorithm retrieval to monitor DOC fluxes in the Yenisei River during a whole open water season with a special focus on the peak flow period. Overall, future Sentinel2/Landsat8 synergies are promising to monitor DOC fluxes in Arctic rivers and advance our understanding of the Earth's carbon cycle.

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Section: Spectral Band Configuration and Cdom Algorithms In Arctic Risupporting

confidence: 73%

Using High Spatio-Temporal Optical Remote Sensing to Monitor Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Arctic River Yenisei

et al. 2016

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“…In all cases, discharge data were acquired from ArcticRIMS (http://rims.unh.edu/). Recent sampling efforts on these rivers have provided exceptional seasonal coverage (McClelland et al, 2008) and the total annual discharge of RDOC in the model is 37.7 TgC yr −1 , which is consistent with the estimate of Raymond et al (2007). To initialize the model, we used the three-dimensional RDOC field obtained from the 3-decade integration of the model by Manizza et al (2009).…”

Section: The Riverine Don (Rdon) Dischargementioning

confidence: 64%

“…Data from the Yukon, Mackenzie, and Kuparuk rivers were used to define a runoff-[RDOC] relationship for drainage areas in North America, and data from the Ob', Yenisey, and Lena rivers were used to define a runoff-[RDOC] relationship for drainage areas in Eurasia. RDOC for the Yenisey, Ob', Lena, and Mackenzie were collected as part of the PanArctic River Transport of Nutrients, Organic Matter, and Suspended Sediments (PARTNERS) project (McClelland et al, 2008). RDOC concentrations for the Kuparuk River were collected as part of the NSF Study of the Northern Alaska Coastal System (SNACS, http://www.arcus.org/arcss/snacs/ index.php).…”

Section: The Riverine Don (Rdon) Dischargementioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the impact of riverine DON removal by marine bacterioplankton on primary production in the Arctic Ocean

et al. 2015

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Abstract. The planktonic and biogeochemical dynamics of the Arctic shelves exhibit a strong variability in response to Arctic warming. In this study, we employ a biogeochemical model coupled to a pan-Arctic ocean-sea ice model (MITgcm) to elucidate the processes regulating the primary production (PP) of phytoplankton, bacterioplankton (BP), and their interactions. The model explicitly simulates and quantifies the contribution of usable dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) drained by the major circum-Arctic rivers to PP and BP in a scenario of melting sea ice (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011). Model simulations suggest that, on average between 1998 and 2011, the removal of usable riverine dissolved organic nitrogen (RDON) by bacterioplankton is responsible for a ∼ 26 % increase in the annual BP for the whole Arctic Ocean. With respect to total PP, the model simulates an increase of ∼ 8 % on an annual basis and of ∼ 18 % in summer. Recycled ammonium is responsible for the PP increase. The recycling of RDON by bacterioplankton promotes higher BP and PP, but there is no significant temporal trend in the BP : PP ratio within the ice-free shelves over the 1998-2011 period. This suggests no significant evolution in the balance between autotrophy and heterotrophy in the last decade, with a constant annual flux of RDON into the coastal ocean, although changes in RDON supply and further reduction in sea-ice cover could potentially alter this delicate balance.

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“…Each of the six rivers was sampled five times per year in 2009 and 2010 (except for 2009 on the Yukon with six samples) using a standardized collection method as detailed elsewhere McClelland et al, 2008;Holmes et al, 2012). Depth and width integrated samples were collected from near the mouth of each river (above tidal influence) across the hydrograph, incorporating baseflow, spring melt, and summer conditions.…”

Section: Study Areas and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pan-Arctic Trends in Terrestrial Dissolved Organic Matter from Optical Measurements

et al. 2016

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Climate change is causing extensive warming across Arctic regions resulting in permafrost degradation, alterations to regional hydrology and shifting amounts and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) transported by streams and rivers. Here, we characterize the DOM composition and optical properties of the six largest Arctic rivers draining into the Arctic Ocean to examine the ability of optical measurements to provide meaningful insights into terrigenous carbon export patterns and biogeochemical cycling. The chemical composition of aquatic DOM varied with season, spring months were typified by highest lignin phenol and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations with greater hydrophobic acid content, and lower proportions of hydrophilic compounds, relative to summer and winter months. Chromophoric DOM (CDOM) spectral slope (S 275-295 ) tracked seasonal shifts in DOM composition across river basins. Fluorescence and parallel factor analysis identified seven components across the six Arctic rivers. The ratios of "terrestrial humic-like" vs. "marine humic-like" fluorescent components co-varied with lignin monomer ratios over summer and winter months, suggesting fluorescence may provide information on the age and degradation state of riverine DOM. CDOM absorbance (a 350 ) proved a sensitive proxy for lignin phenol concentrations across all six river basins and over the hydrograph, enabling for the first time the development of a single pan-arctic relationship between a 2 350 and terrigenous DOC (R = 0.93). Combining this lignin proxy with high-resolution monitoring of a 350 , pan-arctic estimates of annual lignin flux were calculated to range from 156 to 185 Gg, resulting in shorter and more constrained estimates of terrigenous DOM residence times in the Arctic Ocean (spanning 7 months to 2½ years). Furthermore, multiple linear regression models incorporating both absorbance and fluorescence variables proved capable of explaining much of the variability in lignin composition across rivers and seasons. Our findings suggest that synoptic, high-resolution optical measurements can provide improved understanding of northern high-latitude organic matter cycling and flux, and prove an important technique for capturing future climate-driven changes.

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Development of a Pan‐Arctic Database for River Chemistry

Cited by 79 publications

References 3 publications

Using High Spatio-Temporal Optical Remote Sensing to Monitor Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Arctic River Yenisei

Using High Spatio-Temporal Optical Remote Sensing to Monitor Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Arctic River Yenisei

Modelling the impact of riverine DON removal by marine bacterioplankton on primary production in the Arctic Ocean

Pan-Arctic Trends in Terrestrial Dissolved Organic Matter from Optical Measurements

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