Development of a harmonised method for the profiling of amphetamines

Andersson, Kjell; Jalava, Kaisa; Lock, Eric; Finnon, Yvonne; Huizer, Henk; Kaa, Elisabet; Lopes, Álvaro; Meer, Anneke Poortman-van der; Cole, Michael; Dahlén, Johan; Sippola, Erkki

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.10.018

Cited by 40 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…The transfer line, the ion source and the quadrupole temperatures of the MS were set at 305ºC, 230ºC and 150ºC, respectively. All the parameters reported here were in accordance with that of the CHAMP method indicated by the previous researchers (Andersson et al 2007b). …”

Section: Instrumentationsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Samples were in dry powder form and have been kept in sealed vials stored in a secured drug cabinet at room temperature. Following the harmonised method described by Andersson et al (2007b), these two drugs were extracted and analysed from the respective samples. Each batch was thoroughly homogenised using a mortar and pestle prior to sampling.…”

Section: Experimental Details Materials and Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the present scenario whereby ATS drugs trafficking extends beyond regional boundaries, a harmonised method for comparative analysis of these drugs has since been suggested (Ballany et al 2001; United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) 2014). In this context, the Harmonised methods for analysing amphetamine known as the Collaborative Harmonisation of Methods for the Profiling of Amphetamine-type Stimulants (CHAMP) for organic and inorganic profiling was first introduced by the European Commission authority (Aalberg et al 2005a;Aalberg et al 2005b;Andersson et al 2007aAndersson et al , 2007bAndersson et al , 2007cLock et al 2007). This robust method has enabled the exchange of forensic data at both national and international levels, making amphetamine drug profiling data readily comparable regardless of where the analysis is conducted therefore meaningful common link between seizures and understanding the route of trafficking can be effectively established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impurity Profiling of Amphetamine and Methamphetamine Using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) Harmonised Methods

Desa¹,

Ismail²

2017

JSM

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Impurity profiling of drug seizures is a scientific approach employed to understand drug trafficking networks thus has becoming increasingly important in criminal investigation. This paper presents the feasibility of using the Collaborative Harmonisation of Methods for the Profiling of AmphetamineType Stimulants (CHAMP) established by the EuropeanCommission authority for impurity profiling of amphetamine and methamphetamine samples. Both drugs were analysed using similar extraction procedure and analytical conditions. The impurities were extracted from an alkaline buffer solution (pH8.1) using toluene prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. The results showed that the reproducibility of the method for detecting amphetamine and methamphetamine ranged between 7. 4-8.9 and 6.2-8.4 4-methyl-5-phenylpyrimidine, bis-(1-phynelisopropyl) amine, N-formylamphetamine and N,N-di (b-phenylisopropyl) %RSD, respectively. Identification of impurities was performed by referencing against the available MS databases as well as to previous reported impurity profiling studies. Phenyl-2-propanone (P2P), also known as benzyl-methylketone (BMK), as well as other specific impurities such as

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Section: Instrumentationsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Experimental Details Materials and Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impurity Profiling of Amphetamine and Methamphetamine Using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) Harmonised Methods

Desa¹,

Ismail²

2017

JSM

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“…[64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72] Screening and confirmation of illicit drugs is often made by GC-MS, although there are alternatives 73 .…”

Section: Gc-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of emerging synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones

Carlsson¹

2016

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The application of different analytical techniques is fundamental in forensic drug analysis. In the wake of the occurrence of large numbers of new psychoactive substances possessing similar chemical structures as already known ones, focus has been placed on applied criteria for their univocal identification. These criteria vary, obviously, depending on the applied technique and analytical approach. However, when two or more substances are proven to have similar analytical properties, these criteria no longer apply, which imply that complementary techniques have to be used in their differentiation.This work describes the synthesis of some structural analogues to synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones based on the evolving patterns in the illicit drug market. Six synthetic cannabinoids and six synthetic cathinones were synthesized, that, at the time for this study, were not as yet found in drug seizures. Further, a selection of their spectroscopic data is compared to those of already existing analogues; mainly isomers and homologues. The applied techniques were mass spectrometry (MS), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR, gas phase) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In total, 59 different compounds were analyzed with the selected techniques.

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“…• 6(4) • 2008 • 526-534 DOI: 10.2478/s11532-008-0054-z unknown toxicology. The profiling and fingerprinting of illegal amphetamine and MDMA preparations is routinely carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [9][10][11]. One important application is found within a forensic and clinical context where the presence or absence of specific impurities (markers) can help to determine the route of synthesis and precursor(s) used [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Henry reaction: spectroscopic studies of nitrile and hydroxylamine by-products formed during synthesis of psychoactive phenylalkylamines

et al. 2008

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Aclandestinetwo-steproutetopsychoactiveracemicphenylalkylaminesutilisestheHenryreaction.Inthefirststepanaromaticaldehyde reacts with a nitroalkane to give the nitrostyrene intermediate. In the second step the nitrostyrene is reduced to the phenylalkylamine.Animpurityprofileofbothstepswasevaluatedthroughthesynthesisandanalysisofcommonstreetderivatives.Theformationof nitrileimpuritiesinthenitroaldolreactionandhydroxylamineimpuritiesinthereductionstepwereshownbyNMRspectroscopyand GC-MS.Aselectionofreducingagentshasbeenusedtogivethephenylalkylamines,togetherwithvariablequantitiesofthepartially reducedhydroxylamineproduct.GC-MSanalysisofthehydroxylaminesshowedheat-induceddisproportionationwhichledtothe detectionofthecorrespondingoximes.© Versita Warsaw and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

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Development of a harmonised method for the profiling of amphetamines

Cited by 40 publications

References 13 publications

Impurity Profiling of Amphetamine and Methamphetamine Using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) Harmonised Methods

Impurity Profiling of Amphetamine and Methamphetamine Using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) Harmonised Methods

Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of emerging synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones

The Henry reaction: spectroscopic studies of nitrile and hydroxylamine by-products formed during synthesis of psychoactive phenylalkylamines

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