“…The extension of the previous model to damage anisotropy is not straightforward. The damage variable may be a fourth-order tensor (Chaboche, 1981;Krajcinovic, 1985;Tang et al, 1999;Armero and Oller, 2000;Hammi et al, 2004) or a second-order tensor (Cordebois and Sidoroff, 1982;Murakami, 1983;Wang, 1987, 1988a,b;Voyiadjis and Kattan, 1999;Lemaitre et al, 2000), which is easier to handle. One of the earliest generalization of Lemaitre's ductile damage model to anisotropic damage was done by Chow and Wang (1987) in a very consistent way.…”