Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of α-Mangostin-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticle Gel for Topical Therapy in Skin Cancer

Abstract

The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate α-mangostin-loaded polymeric nanoparticle gel (α-MNG-PLGA) formulation to enhance α-mangostin delivery in an epidermal carcinoma. The poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) were developed using the emulsion–diffusion–evaporation technique with a 3-level 3-factor Box–Behnken design. The NPs were characterized and evaluated for particle size distribution, zeta potential (mV), drug release, and skin permeation. The formulated PLGA NPs were converted into a preformed carbopol gel base and were further evaluated for texture analysis, the cytotoxic effect of PLGA NPs against B16-F10 melanoma cells, and in vitro radical scavenging activity. The nanoscale particles were spherical, consistent, and average in size (168.06 ± 17.02 nm), with an entrapment efficiency (EE) of 84.26 ± 8.23% and a zeta potential of −25.3 ± 7.1 mV. Their drug release percentages in phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) at pH 7.4 and pH 6.5 were 87.07 ± 6.95% and 89.50 ± 9.50%, respectively. The release of α-MNG from NPs in vitro demonstrated that the biphasic release system, namely, immediate release in the initial phase, was accompanied by sustained drug release. The texture study of the developed α-MNG-PLGA NPs gel revealed its characteristics, including viscosity, hardness, consistency, and cohesiveness. The drug flux from α-MNG-PLGA NPs gel and α-MNG gel was 79.32 ± 7.91 and 16.88 ± 7.18 µg/cm2/h in 24 h, respectively. The confocal study showed that α-MNG-PLGA NPs penetrated up to 230.02 µm deep into the skin layer compared to 15.21 µm by dye solution. MTT assay and radical scavenging potential indicated that α-MNG-PLGA NPs gel had a significant cytotoxic effect and antioxidant effect compared to α-MNG gel (p < 0.05). Thus, using the developed α-MNG-PLGA in treating skin cancer could be a promising approach.

Surface-Modified Biobased Polymeric Nanoparticles for Dual Delivery of Doxorubicin and Gefitinib in Glioma Cell Lines

“…The functionalized nanodrug carrier system provides appropriate drug concentrations in the target after successful cell uptake, and internalization is mediated via endosomal escape and lysosomal fusion in the cytoplasm . The kinetic release results suggested that the simultaneous release of Dox and Gefit was caused by swelling of the polymeric matrix, dissolution, and water migration into polymeric NPs …”

“…65 The kinetic release results suggested that the simultaneous release of Dox and Gefit was caused by swelling of the polymeric matrix, dissolution, and water migration into polymeric NPs. 66 The hemolysis assay showed that the concentration of formulation tested for hemocompatibility was safe and compatible with the biological system. The study outcomes unveiled here are in agreement with a previous work.…”

Natural Oils Enhance the Topical Delivery of Ketoconazole by Nanoemulgel for Fungal Infections

“…The same quantity of gel was placed on a glass slide placed on top and left for 5 min before the spreading capacity was estimated. 32 5.2.13.5. Ex Vivo Permeation.…”

The Contest of Nanoparticles: Searching for the Most Effective Topical Delivery of Corticosteroids

“…They are capable of high drug loading, consecutively leading to an intensive transcutaneous drug flux. Despite their issues with short colloidal stability, PNP are widely studied as carriers for anti-inflammatory [ 29 ], anti-fungal [ 30 ], or immunosuppressive [ 31 ] actives. The last studied nanovesicles were ethosomes (ETZ) because of their extensive positive effects on the drug release to various layers of the skin.…”