Development and validation of the insulin treatment appraisal scale (ITAS) in patients with type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Background: Timely initiation of insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes is important to achieve metabolic control but can be hindered by negative perceptions of patients regarding insulin treatment. To assess the appraisal of insulin therapy of persons with type 2 diabetes, we developed the insulin treatment appraisal scale (ITAS) and tested its reliability and validity in insulin treated type 2 diabetes patients.

Psychological Resistance for Insulin Therapy Among Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Cross Sectional Survey

“…These results were in contrast to that reported by Snoek et al among Caucasians type 2 diabetes patients, where insulin naïve patients reported significantly higher scores for the negative items compared to insulin treated. [8] Further studies are warranted to identify the extent of attitudinal changes experienced following initiation of insulin in diabetes patients.…”

“…[8] Patients attending the medical clinic during the study period who have been diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes mellitus and receiving oral hypoglycaemic drugs or injectable insulin or both for more than three months duration from the clinic were included for the study. 358 patients were selected by systematic sampling method.…”

Validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale among primary care patients in Hong Kong

“…12 The Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale (ITAS) was developed for this purpose. 22 The Chinese version of the ITAS (C-ITAS) was validated in Taiwan, 23 and has been used in Taiwan 15 to investigate the underlying causes of PIR. Validating C-ITAS scores might enable direct comparisons of data between local and international studies.…”

“…The factor analysis did not show a two-factor structure within the ITAS, as in the previous study. 22 As the factor analysis table notes (Table 3), when set as a twofactor construct, no trend can be drawn for these two groups. The factor analyses of the first study on the development of the ITAS 22 and the validation study in Taiwan 23 both showed a two-factor construct, with the two factors being positive statements and negative statements.…”

“…The ITAS was developed for clinical use to measure PIR. 22 No cut-off score is used to diagnose PIR. Of those who completed the clinical interview, 26 were selected for phone interview 2 to 4 weeks later to examine test-retest reliability.…”