Development and validation of attitudes measurement scales: fundamental and practical aspects

Abstract

Purpose This paper aims to present the fundamental aspects for the development and validation (D&V) of attitudes’ measurement scale, as well as its practical aspects that are not deeply explored in books and manuals. These aspects are the results of a long experience of the authors and arduous learning with errors and mistakes. Design/methodology/approach The nature of this paper is methodological and can be very useful for an initial reading on the theme that it rests. This paper presents four D&V stages: literature review or interviews with experts; theoretical or face validation; semantic validation or validation with possible respondents; and statistical validation. Findings This is a methodological paper, and its main finding is the usefulness for researchers. Research limitations/implications The main implication of this paper is to support researchers on the process of D&V of measurement scales. Practical implications Became a step-by-step guide to researchers on the D&V of measurement scales. Social implications Support researchers on their data collection and analysis. Originality/value This is a practical guide, with tips from seasoned scholars to help researchers on the D&V of measurement scales.

Determinants of green marketing mix in developing economies: Conceptualisation and scale validation approach

“…The data for the study were collected from 450 manufacturing SMEs concerning food, textile, wood, paper, chemicals and plastics, based in industrial estates in various districts of Jammu and Kashmir, North India using a random sampling method. The sample was collected in two phases, as suggested by Hair, Gabriel, da Silva, and Braga Junior (2019). The first phase of the sample consisted of 150 firms, and 109 firms (after data screening) were used for exploratory factor analysis (EFA).…”

Brand Equity and Purchase Decisions on French Fries Product in Indonesia

“…Validity test is a tool used to measure whether a questionnaire is valid or not or how significant is the accuracy of a measuring instrument in running its function (Hair et al, 2019). The validity test is used to test the suitability between the questionnaire used and the field results.…”

“…The reliability test is to measure the consistency of the questionnaire as a measuring tool used in a study (Hair et al, 2019). Reliability test is done on valid variable.…”

Literature Search of Key Factors for the Development of Generic and Specific Maturity Models for Industry 4.0

“…Hair et al [20], supported by Stevens [23], consider that two terms are often treated as synonyms, but have differences in destination, which are measure and measurement. The first is intended for the evaluation of physical quantities, or measurable phenomena, such as mass, temperature, time, etc., while the second is appropriate for attitudes, perceptions, opinions, behavior and other phenomena not directly measurable.…”

“…Hair et al [20] state that constructs are mental creations and therefore do not actually exist, which implies difficulties in defining and measuring precisely what they are. Therefore, constructs cannot be defined or evaluated (measured) by means of a single item.…”