Development and optimization of a simple internal beam current monitoring approach using 29Si(p,p′γ)29Si reaction in particle induced gamma-ray emission for compositional characterization of glass samples and application to automobile windshield glasses

Applications of Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry and Direct Current Arc Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Methods for Grouping Study of Automobile Windshield Glasses for Glass Forensics

“…Beside all these conventional techniques, there are laser-based techniques namely Laser Induced Breakdown spectrometry (LIBS), [22][23][24][25][26] laser ablation induced coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) [27][28][29][30][31] which are advantageously utilized for the glass analysis over the other conventional wet chemical techniques in terms of greater sensitivity, lower detection limit (DL) and with minimum sample handling. Accelerator based online techniques namely Particle Induced Gamma-ray Emission (PIGE), [32] Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) [33][34][35][36][37] and High energy Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence [38] and analytical techniques using reactor neutrons namely Neutron Activation Analysis, Prompt Gamma ray Activation Analysis (PGAA) are also being extensively used for the analysis of glasses for archeological and forensic studies. [1,3,[39][40][41][42] Acharya et al (2018) and Sharma et al (2020) have been demonstrated the potentials of nuclear analytical techniques (NATs) for the possible forensic applications.…”

“…Authors observed that the major elemental concentration to be vary in the range for SiO 2 (74–86.8 %), Na 2 O (4–11.8 %), CaO (6–8.5 %), MgO(0–4.71 %), K 2 O (0–0.8 %), Al 2 O 3 (0–2.77 %), Fe 2 O 3 (0.064–0.890 %), along with some minor elements namely MnO(1–22 ppm), TiO 2 (11–115 ppm), Ni (13–124 ppm), Cu (9–28 ppm), Zn (7–21 ppm), Rb (3–26 ppm), Zr (14–259 ppm) and Sr (31–292 ppm) [44] . Sharma et al recently reported the major, minor and trace elements including transition and rare earth elements (REEs) using Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) in the automobile windshield glasses [3,32,40,41] . These glasses are routinely analyzed in forensic investigation in burglary, hit and run cases, accident and vandalism by forensic scientists [3] .…”

“…[44] Sharma et al recently reported the major, minor and trace elements including transition and rare earth elements (REEs) using Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) in the automobile windshield glasses. [3,32,40,41] These glasses are routinely analyzed in forensic investigation in burglary, hit and run cases, accident and vandalism by forensic scientists. [3] It is well known from the literature that transition elements and rare earth elements (REEs) at trace level are being admixed with the major raw material during the glass fabrication procedures in order to manipulate the physical and optical properties of the glasses.…”

Chemical characterization of automobile windshield glass samples by nuclear and radio-analytical techniques namely SEM-EDX, ED-XRF, PIXE, PIGE, and INAA and potential of external (in air) PIGE and INAA in conjunction with chemometrics for glass forensics

“…This method is advantageous compared to the conventional PIGE method and also the sample will remain intact after the analysis which is important for forensic investigations. 57 Sharma et al (2022) highlighted the analytical capabilities of accelerator and reactor based nuclear analytical techniques for the complete chemical characterization of automobile windshield glasses. Besides this, the authors also highlighted the importance of statistical tools for interpreting the voluminous data set for forensic science which is otherwise difficult to handle manually.…”

“…This method is advantageous compared to the conventional PIGE method and also the sample will remain intact aer the analysis which is important for forensic investigations. 57 Sharma et al…”